was awarded jointly to Leland H. Hartwell‚ Tim Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle". They have identified key molecules that regulate the cell cycle in all eukaryotic organisms‚ including yeasts‚ plants‚ animals and human. These fundamental discoveries have a great impact on all aspects of cell growth. Defects in cell cycle control may lead to the type of chromosome alterations seen in cancer cells. This may in the long-term open new possibilities
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predict that the leaves taken from the outer area of a shrub have a higher stomatal index (/density) than those taken from the centre of a shrub this are due to light levels. Explanation: Plants have stomata to obtain carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and remove oxygen produced in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis the chloroplasts in the leaf cells synthesize as a result of exposure to light‚ while oxygen is produced as a by-product. As the outer leafs are exposed to higher light levels the stomatal
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LIGHT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Theory: Leaf discs float normally. When the air spaces are infiltrated with the solution the overall density of the leaf disc increases and the disc sinks. The infiltration solution includes a small amount of sodium bicarbonate. The bicarbonate ions serve as the carbon source for photosynthesis. As photosynthesis proceeds oxygen is released into the interior of the leaf which changes the buoyancy – causing the discs to rise. Since cellular respiration is taking place
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stereoisomer of trans-1‚3-dimethylcyclobutane. CH3 CH3 3.53 Draw two constitutional isomers of cis-1‚2-dibromocyclopentane. Solution: Br Br Br Br 3.54 Draw a stereoisomer of trans-1‚3-dimethylcyclobutane. Solution: CH3 CH3 3.55 There are four cis-trans isomers of menthol‚ including the one shown. Draw the other three. Answer: CH3 OH OH CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2 CH3 CH3 CH(CH3)2 OH CH(CH3)2 OH CH3 3.56 Malic acid‚ C4H6O5‚ has been isolated from apples. Since this compounds
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are more to aquatic plants than just floating on the surface of water. Aquatic plants are plants that can adapt and live in a freshwater environment. They are sometimes called hydrophytes. These include plants that live in fresh wetlands‚ swamps‚ ponds‚ lakes‚ and marshes. This type of plant actually serves two important functions. First‚ they help oxygenate water (2006) and they provide nutrients and food for some fishes (Tappin‚ 2003). There are many types of aquatic plants including rooted‚ emergent
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Lab 12: Meiosis kimberleigh Lewis Biology 1408-63400 Consider the Concepts Experiment: 1. A common misconception about meiosis appears when students identify which of the two divisions converts a diploid cell into two haploid cells. Meiosis I is the division immediately following DNA replication and replication does not occur again before meiosis II. However‚ meiosis I is the "reduction" division when a diploid cell forms two haploid cells. If the DNA duplicated before meiosis I‚ how
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level * 2 3 0 8 9 6 9 9 7 3 * BIOLOGY Paper 5 Planning‚ Analysis and Evaluation Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters
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Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms‚ including their structure‚ function‚ growth‚ evolution‚ distribution‚ and taxonomy.[1] Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field‚ composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However‚ despite the broad scope of biology‚ there are certain general and unifying concepts within it which govern all study and research‚ consolidating it into single‚ coherent field. Biology generally recognizes the cell as the basic unit
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A pigment is a natural coloring matter that usually comes from a plant or animal. Today‚ there are synthetic pigments with the advancement of technology‚ but during the Italian Renaissance they did not have these luxuries. They had to obtain their pigment naturally. There were different classifications of pigment‚ each producing a different desired color. The material that contained the desired pigment had to be grinded very finely‚ and then the pigment would need to be added to a base to create
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psychology students at Essex with the basic information for structuring and formatting reports of research in psychology. During your time here this will be an invaluable reference. You are encouraged to refer to this document each time you write a lab report. The writing of laboratory reports is an essential part of any practical module in Psychology. This is because psychologists (and more generally most scientists) write accounts of their studies using a standard format‚ which makes explicit
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