55. a) Cuticles on the outermost layer of angiosperms are clear‚ which allows for light to pass through. The leaf is shaped in a way that will allow it to absorb more sunlight and be more efficient. Photosynthesis takes place in the spongy parenchyma and the palisade parenchyma. In order to obtain food‚ it is controlled by the stoma which controls the passage of gas and water. b) Water and food is transported through the xylem. The water will eventually be transported to the leaf tissue while the
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Meiosis is the process in sexually reproducing organisms where cells divide. The cells produced during meiosis have half the chromosome number as the original cell. There are two cell divisions in meiosis‚ meiosis l and meiosis ll. These cell divisions produce 4 hapolid daughter cells. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes‚ which is written as n. Meiosis consists of nine phases. In meiosis the interphase l the chromosomes replicate and the centrosome duplicates in one diploid cell
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AP Biology Cellular Respiration – Part 1 (Associated Learning Objectives: 1.15‚ 1.16‚ 2.2‚ 2.4‚ 2.5‚ 2.13‚ 2.14‚ 2.22‚ 4.1‚ 4.4‚ 4.17) Important Content from previous topics: 1) The electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions‚ occurring on a membrane‚ intended to create a concentration gradient and there in a source of potential energy. 2) Redox reactions are just the transferring of electrons from one molecule to another molecule. 3) Carbohydrates‚ sugar‚ are primary energy
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Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms of how they occur and their implications for future genetic variation in a population. Genetic drift‚ defined as the process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next‚ can increase or decrease variability within particularly small populations. Certain genotype/phenotype frequencies‚ for example‚ may be reduced or completely eliminated through chance events. Examples of genetic drift might
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AP Biology Lab 1 Ross Lordo Introduction Questions 1. The solute potential would be -2.48. If the concentration inside the cell is .15 M‚ then would diffusion out of the cell and into the solution of .1 M. This is due to water potential and the tendency for water to move from areas of high water potential to low water potential. 2. The turgor pressure must be equal to the water potential if there is no net diffusion. The cell and environment have reached equilibrium and the movement of water
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Molecular gastronomy Transglutaminase (TG) is a naturally occurring enzyme in plants‚ animals‚ and bacteria. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions; they speed up reactions and make reactions occur that otherwise wouldn’t. Although TG is a newcomer to the kitchen‚ cooks have used enzymes for thousands of years. Enzymes in papaya‚ for instance‚ are traditionally used as meat tenderizers. The enzyme rennet is used to curdle milk when making cheese. Enzymes that break down
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alan katz AP Euro Age of European Explorations The renaissance’s curiosity helped pave the way for the European age of exploration‚ which took place from 1450 to 1525. There were many factors‚ including technological‚ economic‚ political‚ and religious ones. The age was promoted by many specific factors‚ including the invention of caravels and other nautical inventions‚ the commercial and price revolutions‚ the new monarchs‚ and the constant growth that the Catholic faith wanted. “God‚ glory
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Emad Abid Dr. Fuller AP Biology 13 August 2014 Animal Behavior of Isopods 1a) Do terrestrial isopods prefer to stay in a cold or warm environment that is in a neutral (room temperature)‚ mild‚ or extreme temperature difference from room temperature? 1b) If the isopods prefer to be in a mildly warm environment‚ then when they are randomly placed between a warm and cool chamber with only one warm and cold pack (mild temperature difference) on each end of the chamber and are able to move freely‚ they
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Josh P. AP Biology 12-10-13 Lab Writeup The Effect of Transformation of pGLO in Bacteria Background/Objectives/Hypothesis: Genetic transformation is a process that primarily is inserting new DNA into an organism to change that organism’s trait. This process has many useful benefits when used correctly in different organisms. In this lab‚ bacteria was transformed by inserting DNA for Green Fluorescent Proteins. The DNA for these proteins were taken from bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea
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AP US History Period 4 23 April 2013 The Effects of the Vietnam War By 1965‚ few Americans protested involvement in the Vietnam War. However‚ soon after‚ a series of “teach-ins” on university campuses‚ created a massive debate over the war and United States involvement. By 1967‚ there was massive opposition to the war‚ from students‚ the general public‚ congressmen‚ including William Fulbright‚ and even former members of the armed forces. This opposition was not the only tension in the nation
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