With the evolution of animals living on land from animals living in the water‚ many changes needed to be made in order for survival. Each problem that these organisms may have experienced in the past has been dealt with a solution of some manner. One of the main problems was water storage. Because organisms in an aquatic environment are surrounded by water‚ they do no experience problems with water storage‚ but without an aquatic environment there are bound to be problems. The land organisms need
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Practical 1- An experiment to observe the features of an Onion Cells Method: Gather all equipment that will be used for the experiment and check that they are clean and undamaged. Using forceps‚ peel the membrane from the underside of a small piece of onion. Place the membrane flat on a clean‚ glass slide and add one drop of iodine solution. Use a pin to carefully lower the cover slip over the slide‚ ensure there are no air bubbles before the use of the slide. Set the microscope to its lowest
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Muscle Cell at rest: As the muscle cell is at rest it has a resting potential of -90mV. The K+ is all located inside the cell‚ the Na+ is located outside of the cell and the Ca2+ is located inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum. All leak channels and pumps are closed at this point. Muscle Cell stimulated by Acetylcholine: A motor neuron releases Acetylcholine which diffuses toward the muscle cell across the neuromuscular junction. As the Acetylcholine binds to a receptor on the muscle
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Lab Report Title: * Color reaction of starch when mixed with Iodine solution Introduction: Statement: * How would the varying solutions react when introduced with the Iodine solution? Hypothesis: * If a solution is rich in starch then it will react with iodine solution and change to a bluish-black color (looks Brown) Materials: Items: * 8 test tubes‚ pipet‚ iodine‚ onion juice‚ potato juice‚ sucrose solution‚ glucose solution‚ distilled water‚ fructose solution‚ starch solution
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FRQ #3 a.) The first property of water is its polarity. A water molecule is formed by one oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity of the oxygen atom creates an unequal sharing of electrons between the O and H atoms of the molecule. This also gives water the ability to form hydrogen bonds between the slightly negative oxygen atom and the slightly positive hydrogen atom. Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonds. Because of this‚ water requires
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Adriana Gutierrez AP Biology Lab 9 Analysis 1. For this experiment‚ what were the independent variable and the dependent variable? What were the constants? The independent variable of this experiment are the environmental factors that you are testing on the rate of transpiration‚ so our independent variables would be bright light‚ fan‚ dark‚ and misted. The dependent variable is the rate of transportation because this depends on whatever environmental factor the plant is placed. The constants
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PROTEIN TRANSLATION 1. Initiation Translation To begin translation: large and small ribosomal subunit‚ along with the initiating tRNA‚ assembles onto the mRNA 2. Translation Elongation The next amino acyl-tRNA enters the ribosome at the A site The amino acid at the P site is transferred to the tRNA at the A site. The ribosome moves one codon farther along the mRNA‚ releasing the empty tRNA through the E (exit) site. The A site is free for the next incoming RNA. The cycle is repeated as the
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Chapter 1: Biology- The study of life A Hierarchy of Organization 1. Molecules 2. Organelle 3. Cell 4. Tissue 5. Organ 6. Organism Emergent Properties- Novel properties that emerge as each step up the hierarchy of biological order is taken. Reductionism- Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study. Cells- The lowest level of structure capable of performing all the activities of life‚ all organisms are composed of cells which are the basic units of structure
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Chapter 1. The science of Biology Outline: 1. Properties of life 2. Science a. Scientific Reasoning/method b. Experimental controls 3. Intro to Evolution a. Charles Darwin b. Malthus c. Natural selection d. Examples of evolution 4. Evidence for evolution Terms: Biology: Scientific study of living organisms and how they evolved. Science: Knowledge derived from observation and experimentation carried out to determine
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particular tissue and represents only those genes expressed in that tissue. 7. An expression vector is a plasmid that is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell. Their goal is to produce large amounts of stable mRNA‚ and therefore proteins. 8. Yeast cells are easy to grow‚ can process pre-mRNA‚ and can perform post-translational modification. 9. Recombinant DNA can be introduced into eukaryotic cells by a.) Electroporation
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