References: Reece‚ Jane. Campbell‚ Neil. Biology Seventh Edition. San Francisco: Pearson‚ 2005 http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html# http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/diffus.htm l
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Protein biosynthesis is the process by which biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export. Translation‚ the assembly of proteins by ribosomes‚ is an essential part of the biosynthetic pathway‚ along with generation of messenger RNA (mRNA)‚ aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA)‚ co-translational transport‚ and post-translational modification. Protein biosynthesis is strictly regulated at multiple steps‚ and error-checking mechanisms
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1. Cells structure and Organisation 1.1 Plant Cells and Animal Cells: Fig.1.0 Basic structures of an animal cell and a plant cell. 1. • • • Cell wall: Porous. Permeable. Non-living structure made of cellulose. 2. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane • Semi-permeable/Partially permeable(Only certain parts can pass through it and some aren’t able). 3. • • • Cytoplasm Contains cell organelles. Food substances. Mostly H2O. 4. Vacuole/Sap vacuole/Large central vacuole • Mostly H2O. 5. Nucleus •
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ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time--2 hours Question 1 (Suggested time--40 minutes. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Social networking has become the staple of the internet and the most common way for connecting to other people all over the modern world. Social networking for many is terrifying‚ full of risks and unknowns‚ whereas for others‚ social networking has brought people into healthy relationships with other internet users
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Obesity is a medical condition in which excess fats have grown and accumulated to the point of harm‚ and a shortened life expectancy. Obesity is a problem that has been more prominent in the 20th and 21st century and is now a main concern for both society and the government. It is the citizen’s duty to resolve this epidemic known as obesity in the United States. American society has created the concept of obesity. They identified what the perfect human should look like‚ and has outcasted everyone
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\ Part 1 Society teaches the morally incorrect and socially unacceptable aspects of murder. George Orwell’s “Shooting and Elephant” and Foster the People’s “Pumped up Kicks” address the contrary‚ the instances in which society leads one to murder. Orwell’s switch from first to second person within “He wears a mask‚ and his face grows to fit it” reveals the distance that the murderer puts between himself and his action creating a sense of personal distain; the same sense of detachment is evoked
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yourself just the way you are.” “What do you think?” Mitchell says‚ turning toward you. “You’re taking biology. Don’t you think highprotein diets make a lot of sense? You think I should stick with this one?” “Tell him he’s being ridiculous!” Janine insists. “He’s going to make himself sick.” Questions . First‚ fi nd out what nutrients Janine and Mitchell are talking about. Using a biology textbook and the resources listed‚ describe what the following molecules are and what they are used for
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Functional Groups Hydroxyl OH Carbonyl C=O Carboxyl OH-C=O Amino NH2 Sulfhydryl SH Phosphate O3-P=O Methyl CH3 Macromolecules Needed in large quantities Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Three of the four molecules are polymers Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Include sugars Simplest carbs are monosaccharide’s Usually multiples of CH2O Glucose is the most common monosaccharide Polysaccharides The polymers of sugars
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The gene appears to code for a protein containing four transmembrane domains‚” (Rossi‚ et al.‚ 1998‚ p.1). Question 3: method of DNA transfer thought to contribute to its spread Horizontal gene transfer (HGT): Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)‚ also known as lateral gene transfer (LGT)
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Hybridization * Synthesize a Nucleic Acid Probe * Single strand DNA or RNA (radioactive) * Complementary to the gene of interest * Synthesize on the base of: * Base sequence of the gene (at least part of it) * AA sequence of the protein * Denature the DNA with heat or chemicals * The probe will H-bond to the appropriate gene Genomic Library * Complete set of recombinant clones (includes all fragments) * Stored in a collection of phage clones (virus)
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