Abstract In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen‚ the compound is synthesized in nonracemic form directly from an achiral precursor. First‚ racemic ibuprofen was converted to aN achiral ketene via the acid chloride by adding thionyl chloride followed by triethylamine. Then‚ ketene was reacted with a chiral and nonracemic (S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides
Premium Hydrogen chloride Ester Solvent
Conclusion I predicted that if the decolorization of DPIP is caused by photosynthesis and not cell respiration and spinach extract containing chloroplasts and mitochondria is incubated with DPIP‚ then the rate of DPIP decolorization should be higher if in bright light verses dark light because DPIP is reduced by photosynthesis and not by the mitochondria or any other cellular function. If DPIP was only decolorized by chloroplasts‚ then the percent transmittance of chloroplast suspensions would be
Premium Oxygen Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide
Stoichiometry Lab Stoichiometry is the end result of adding up chemical elements that were involved in chemical reactions (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stoichiometry). The word stoichiometry was obtained from two greek words meaning element and measure. This explains the definition for the term. A chemist named Jeremias Benjamin Richter was the chemist responsible for first realizing what stoichiometry was (http://www.chemteam.info/Stoichiometry/What-is-Stoichiometry.html). In 1972
Premium Chemistry Nutrition Food
LAB ACTIVITY 1 MEASUREMENTS IN SCIENCE: MASS‚ VOLUME‚ AND DENSITY Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is find the density of two metals using their mass and volume. Introduction: The purpose of the experiment that was conducted was to measure and calculate the density of two different metals. Density is an important characteristic of a material. The density of an object shows how much mass is contained in the unit volume. To calculate the density of metals the experimenters had to find
Premium Volume Metal Density
! ! Bernie&Ecclestone’s&Formula&for&Formula&One& ! ! Formula!One!motor!racing!!(F1)!is!big!business.!!From!the!first!Grand!Prix!in!1906!it!was!able!to! generate!excitement!among!fans!and!media.!!But!it!is!only!since!its!reinvention!in!the!1980s!that! the!sport!has!been!able!to!generate!a!commensurate!level!of!excitement!among!business! observers.!!! ! F1!is!one!of!the!worlds!most!popular!–!and!profitable!–!sports.!!It!thrills!a!television!audience!of! over!500!million!fans!per!year!who
Premium Copyright All rights reserved
Oscillators & Oscilloscope Morgan Dennis @02514008 Partners: Brittany Smith‚ Michelle Trang‚ James Anderson‚ Madison Shaw OBJECTIVE: We are going to study the features and operation of the oscilloscope. We will use the instrument to measure the frequency and amplitude for various sources. Ultimately‚ the oscilloscope will display the Lissajous figures. APPARATUS: The major apparatus used include; Oscilloscope‚ two audio oscillators‚ battery and connectors. THEORY: The oscilloscope
Premium
Title Simple‚ no more than 20‚ 15 ample Cross cultural drinking experience in 1st year students. Abstract Summary of the research: 100-150 words Introduction‚ method (drop of the design)‚ Results (inferential statistic‚ Why is it significant)‚ Discussion. Compose at the end. Introduction About 800 words Introduces the area theorem or topic etc. Evidence (pull out the criticism) Rationale H1: Extroverts have a higher pain threshold than introverts H0: Extroverts do not have a higher
Premium Statistics Arithmetic mean Sample
Effect of enzyme concentration on rate of reaction Research question: is there a relationship between catalase concentration and the rate of reaction? Hypotheses: if the enzyme concentration is increased then the rate of reaction will increase. If the enzyme concentration is decreased then the rate of reaction will decrease. Controlled: temperature Independent: % catalyze concentration ( Dependent: rate of reaction (mm/s) Materials: Mortar and pestle Graduated cylinder Distilled
Premium Enzyme Oxygen Catalysis
The use of the Empirical Rule When the mean=median and the values often tend to cluster around the mean and median‚ producing a bell-shaped distribution. Then we can use the empirical rule to examine the variability. Usually in this bell-shaped data set‚ we can calculate the mean the standard deviation. The mean means the average value of this set of data. The standard deviation means the average scatter around the mean. If we allow[pic]to represents the mean and[pic]to represents the standard
Premium Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Normal distribution
Chemistry 2283g Experiment 1 – Alkyl Halides EXPERIMENT 1: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Relevant Sections in the text (Wade‚ 7 ed.) • 6.7 (p. 228) Reactions of alkyl halides • 6.8 – 6.12 (p. 229 – 242) The SN2 reaction: generality‚ factors affecting SN2 reactions‚ substrate reactivity‚ mechanism • 6.13 – 6.14 (p. 243 – 249) The SN1 reaction: mechanism‚ stereochemistry General Concepts The most common of the variety of methods available for preparing alkyl halides is the replacement
Premium Alcohol Sodium chloride Functional groups