A macro environment comprises the external factors that can influence a business. These factors are often out of the control or management ability of a company. Factors typically include economic‚ demographic‚ political‚ and technological forces in business. Business owners and managers often spend copious amount of time and effort to assess the overall economic environment in order to determine the number and strength of each factor. Strategies and performance reviews can help owners and managers
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ECON 1020 Principles of Macroeconomics Assignment 1 Question 1 (10 marks) (a) The relative scarcity of resources makes the operation of any economy a matter of choosing between alternatives.” Explain. The world has limited resources and us‚ as people have unlimited wants. Therefore‚ we must constantly make decisions to choose what we would rather buy or produce and what we must give up in its consequence. This includes work and time. For example‚ studying for an exam late at night would give
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ECON 503: Chapter 3 Quantitative Demand Analysis Dr. Fida Karam Gulf University for Science and Technology Department of Economics and Finance Office N1-115 email: karam.f@gust.edu.kw Dr. Fida Karam (GUST) Quantitative Demand Analysis 1 / 19 Introduction The shapes of demand and supply curves influence how much shifts in demand or supply affect market equilibrium. • Shape is best summarized by elasticity. • Elasticity indicates how responsive one variable is to a change in another
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ECONOMICS 100B Professor Steven Wood 10/18/11 Lecture 16 ASUC Lecture Notes Online is the only authorized note-taking service at UC Berkeley. Do not share‚ copy‚ or illegally distribute (electronically or otherwise) these notes. Our student-run program depends on your individual subscription for its continued existence. These notes are copyrighted by the University of California and are for your personal use only. LECTURE: ICLICKER QUESTIONS/ANSWERS: 1.) The Fed can reduce the money supply
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a cartel. D) no single buyer or seller can significantly affect the market price. Answer: I-4 4) Suppose you are in charge of product pricing and marketing strategy for a pharmaceutical company. You will have greater ability to independently set prices for your product if: A) there are no close substitutes for your product. B) there are lots of other firms selling closely related products in your market. C) Your pricing policy should not depend on the number of close substitute products
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Micro vs. Macro Economics Micro-indiidual consumers/firms Macro-economic aggregates-GDP‚ inflations‚ unemployment Markets-opportunity for exchange 1) Opportunity Costs-value of the next best for gone alternative when a decision is made -all decisions involve an opportunity cost (assuming the firm operates efficiently) 2) Marginal Analysis-analyze situations involving incremental change -marginal: something is changing by a small amount (incremental/one-unit change) 3) Laws of supply and
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Case Study 1: Transaction pricing in a recessionary economy Our client is an FMCG major that sells its products across many large and small retailers. The client is facing pressure from one such large retailer to cut prices across brands and categories. The client is therefore losing money on several products. Our client would like to use analytics to bring in some science into the pricing decision. Our analysis should help the client decide what pricing strategies should be applied to each product
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1) They would undertake a defensive open market sale. 18) Flexibility: Open market operations can be used to conduct a small purchase or sale of securities. Conversely‚ if the desired change in reserves or the base is very large‚ the open market operations tool is strong enough to do the job through a very large purchase or sale of securities Reversibility: Open market operations are easily reversed. If a mistake is made in conducting an open market operation‚ the Fed can immediately reverse
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1. The state of California recently considered passing a tax on the services of doctors in that state in order to raise revenue to pay for universal health coverage for California residents. Suppose the average open heart surgery costs $100‚000‚ and at that price 23‚339 surgeries are performed each year. Fully explain what the most likely outcome would be in this market if a tax on surgeries is implemented. Use a graph if it will help. 2. Price Changes and Responses by Consumers | Price
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Economics TOPIC 4: AGGREGATE DEMAND (AD)/ AGGREGATE SUPPLY (AS) MODEL Learning Objectives • Understand AD and AD curve • Discuss factors shifting AD curve • Understand AS and AS curve • Discuss factors shifting AS curve • Understand Macroeconomic equilibrium LO1 Aggregate Demand (AD) • AD refers to the real GDP demanded • • • at each price level. Y = AD = C + I + G + (X – M) There is an inverse relationship between real GDP demanded and the price level. AD curve is downward
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