EXAM II Learning Objectives L/O - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function – By Tabitha Beck 1. Describe the causes and effects of obstruction in various locations within the urinary tract. a. Urinary tract obstruction is an interference with the flow of urine at any site along the urinary tract. i. Can be caused by an anatomic or functional defect i. Obstructive uropathy - Anatomic changes in the urinary system caused by an obstruction. a. Upper Urinary
Premium Cancer Blood Immune system
progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence‚ we hypothesize that apln is a previously undiscovered anti-aging factor‚ and its adequate levels are necessary for organismal homeostasis. Though some in vitro studies report that apln protects against apoptosis‚ its effect on cellular senescence and mammalian aging have never been documented. Additionally‚ there is limited understanding of if and how apln levels vary with age and whether manipulating its level affects the onset and progression of
Premium Neuron Brain Immune system
Naphthalimide derivatives are classified under intercalators‚ having a flat aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety and basic side chains. Amonafide is one of the most widely studied naphthalimides‚ which binds DNA by intercalation and also as Topoisomerase II inhibitors. The napthalimides showed excellent activity in breast cancer trials but failed in phase III trials due to its side effects and bone marrow toxicity [54]. The justly Naphtalene diimide (NDI) scaffold achieved recently as intercalators
Premium Cancer Oncology Chemotherapy
Papa Kwame Pireku Problem set 1 2.2) Antimicrobial peptides are usually produced as inactive propeptides that require cleavage by a protease to complete their activation‚ often by generating a cationic peptide that takes on an amphipathic structure capable of disrupting the cell membrane of a microbe. Also in neutrophils the antimicrobial agents are activated by proteolytic cleavage when these granules fuse with phagosome and encounter neutrophil elastase that has been released from primary granules
Premium Immune system Bacteria
Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer’s Disease 1. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a major cause of senile dementia‚ which is characterised by an impairment of neuronal and synaptic function in addition to the accumulation of β-amyloid plaque and formation of neurofibrillary tangles within distinct portions of the brain (De Strooper and Annaert‚ 2000). Progression of this distinct pathology of neurodegeneration does not typically vary from patient to patient
Premium Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Alzheimer's disease Prion
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals No groups of plants is more important to human survival than seed plants plants are key sources of food fuel wood products and medicine our reliance of plants Products from Seed Plants Most of our food comes from angiosperms Six crops yield 80% of the calories consumed by humans Wheat Rice Maize Potatoes Cassava sweet potatoes Other Products from Seed Plants Secondary compounds of seed plants are used in medicines
Premium Plant stem Plant physiology Root
Biochemical Pathways of Heavy Metals Poisoning BIO101 (Principles of Biology) 6 July 2012 Abstract The biochemical pathways of heavy metal poisoning are routes by which the metals pass in the body as they impair and destroy normal cellular and organ activity. The most common types of heavy metal poisoning are caused by lead‚ arsenic‚ cadmium and mercury. They are also the most extensively studied at the moment. Lead poisoning occurs mainly by the inhibitory effect that the metal imposes on enzymes
Premium Metabolism Enzyme Adenosine triphosphate
Chapter 21‚ Immunity Pathogens: A disease-producing microbe Immunity: The state of being resistant to injury‚ particularly by poisons‚ foreign proteins‚ and invading pathogens. Susceptibility: the lack of resistance to injury‚ foreign proteins and invading pathogens Innate immunity includes external physical and chemical barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and various internal defenses (phagocytes‚ natural killer cells‚ antimicrobial proteins); It does not involve specific recognition of a microbe
Premium Immune system
GENETIC MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE SKIN CANCER 2 Cancer begins when one or more genes change from their normal form. This either creates an abnormal protein or no protein at all‚ both of which cause mutated cells to multiply uncontrollably. (Association‚ 2011) Melanoma can either be caused by inherited genes or defects that are caused from environmental factors‚ such as exposure to too much sun. However‚ according to the Centre for Genetics Education‚ all cancers can be considered genetic
Premium DNA Cancer Genetics
Explain. Every cell contains organelles‚ the structures that carry out their specific functions. Organelles are also known as cell compartments. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities takes place. The organelles of the prokaryotes are not membrane bound and are simpler structures. Just like organs‚ each organelle contributes in its own way to help the cell function well as a whole. The organelles are endoplasmic reticulum‚ golgi apparatus‚ mitochondrian
Premium Eukaryote Organelle Cell