As a Radiologic Technology student‚ we are taught to constantly follow ALARA. This is to always protect the patient with a dose of radiation that is As Low As Reasonably Achievable. There are two models of radiation that scientists and medical professionals use to achieve safe amounts of radiation on a patient. These are the LNT (linear no-threshold) model and the Hormesis model. The linear no-threshold model was introduced in the 1940’s when the Atomic bomb was set off in Japan. The outcome
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Press release to include the following headline‚ key messages‚ lead paragraph‚ quote and boilerplates: HEADLINE: Intercept Pharma Canada receives Health Canada approval for Ocaliva (obeticholic acid) for the treatment of patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis BYLINE: Ocaliva represents first new treatment option for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in 20 years LEAD PARAGRAPH: Intercept Pharmaceuticals‚ Inc. (Nasdaq: ICPT)‚ a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization
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Sjogren syndrome is a chronic‚ slowly progressive‚ inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. This autoimmune illness features inflammation in the lacrimal and parotid glands. The inflammation in the lacrimal gland leads to decreased water production for tears‚ causing dry eyes. The inflammation in the parotid leads to decreased saliva production in the mouth‚ causing dry mouth and dry lips. The two distinct forms of Sjogren syndrome are primary and secondary
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fully understood. Currently‚ there are three hypotheses that explain this. Firstly‚ the basic biologic role of the HER-2 receptors is considered. Excess HER-2 receptors over-activate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathway‚ leading to an inhibition of apoptosis and depression of regulatory proteins of the cell cycle respectively. Coupled with other survivalpromoting factors such as the secretion of basement membrane degradative enzymes‚ the formation of invadopodia to assist in cell migration and the
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Cell Size Control David A Guertin‚ Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research‚ Cambridge‚ Massachusetts‚ USA David M Sabatini‚ Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research‚ Cambridge‚ Massachusetts‚ USA Growth in biological systems is defined as the accumulation of mass‚ which leads to an increase in size. In this article‚ we discuss how cells‚ organs‚ and organisms normally control growth‚ and how deregulated growth can lead to a variety of pathological conditions. Introductory article Article
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection at the Molecular Level Research Paper Virology 24 November 2008 Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is widespread and causes significant disease in humans. The structure‚ epidemiology‚ pathogensis and immune response are examined in this review‚ as well as specific ways to reduce and eliminate pathology and related diseases. The virus naturally infects mucosal areas and begins the search for its target host cell. Upon binding to the host
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Fibres simply play a support role and parenchyma have a storage function. The xylem pipework in all living plants consists entirely of dead cells; composed of lignin rich tissues that once have reached maturity promptly die via a process known as apoptosis. This cell death creates a hollow tube leaving water to move rapidly‚ free of obstacles. Tracheids are long and thin with tapered end walls and a narrow lumen. Vessel elements however are broad‚ short and have wider lumen. These vessel elements
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Tea is a widely known beverage all over the globe. For some countries‚ they take tea just like water that quench thirst. But for some‚ they occasionally take it for purpose. Tea is known to be a very healthy beverage and on the top of the most consumable type of beverage nowadays. It contains several of healthy benefits that are good for everyone. Teens‚ adults‚ or even kids are safe to drink tea. Aside from our view of tea as a healthy beverage‚ it is also applicable for some useful purposes. In
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Title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Author: Padmaja Durga‚ Additional Professor‚ Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care‚ Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences‚ Hyderabad‚ A.P.‚ India. Abstract: Therapeutic hypothermia has been advocated for neuroprotection in cardiac arrest-induced encephalopathy‚ neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy‚ traumatic brain injury‚ stroke‚ hepatic encephalopathy‚ and spinal cord injury‚ and as an adjunct to aneurysm surgery. In this review‚ we address physiological
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(Mitosis) – 30-60 mins; Cell division occurs: Prophase‚ Prometaphase‚ Metaphase‚ Anaphase and Telophase G0 – resting phase MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CANCER Self-sufficiency in growth signals Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals Evasion of apoptosis Defects in DNA repair Limitless replication potential Sustained angiogenesis Ability to invade and metastasize CARCINOGENIC FACTORS Heredity Environmental agents such as chemicals and radiation Oncogenic viruses Bacteria and Parasites
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