Diagnosis The 43-year old woman’s signs‚ symptoms and clinical tests lead to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). MM is classified as a malignant bone marrow neoplasia of a plasma cell‚ an activated B lymphocyte of hematopoietic stem cell linage. These monoclonal plasma cell secrete paraprotein‚ a protein found in the blood because of cancer or disease. In this case the plasma cell are secreting immunoglobin G (IgG) and free light chains. This can be detected via protein electrophoresis. These
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The Ultimate Anti-Aging: Effects of Exercise to Telomerase Activity Abstract Exercise or constant activity has always been the last word or among the first recommendations in countering the signs of aging. The aging that has been associated with exercise is termed as biological age and is used to mean as our age that is physiological rather than chronological‚ and it includes factors like changes in the physical structure of the body as well as changes in the performance of motor skills and sensory
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Drugs and chemicals Sitagliptin (Sita) was manufactured by Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd (Pavia‚ Italy)‚ dissolved in saline. Gentamicin sulfate was obtained as ampoules from Memphis Co.‚ for Pharm. and Chem. Ind. (Cairo‚ Egypt). Other used chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis‚ MO). Animals Animal procedures and care were in accordance with the National Institute of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 85-23‚ revised 1996) and were approved
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Basal Cell Skin Cancer Basal cell skin cancer is a cancer that develops from the skin’s basal cells. The basal cells are located in the outermost layer of the skin called the epidermis and can be found in the deepest layer of the epidermis [1]. Basal cells constantly divide to form new cells in order to replace the squamous cells. As basal cells move up in the epidermis‚ the basal cells flatten and eventually become simple squamous cells. Separating the epidermis from deeper layers of the skin‚ the
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There are many questions that follow a disease or illness episode. The person suffering from the disease may ask these questions‚ or their family and friends may ask them. Doctors and other health care professionals may also ask questions about the disease in order to work out the best course of treatment. Theses questions may cross from the biomedical side of the disease to the social side and must include a variety of factors before the disease can be properly understood and treated. In module
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Question to answer after watching the Interactive Physiology - The Immune System: Innate Host Defenses 1. Name the two major categories of innate (nonspecific) defenses: • Surface Barriers • Innate Internal Defenses 2. Surface barriers include the Intact skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory‚ gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. 3. List the three properties of skin that help it resist invasion: • Keratin: tough protein in skin cells‚ forms an abrasion- and water-resistant outermost
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STROKE A stroke—also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or a brain attack—is an injury to the blood vessels of the brain that causes neurological malfunctioning. In the United States‚ as many as 87% of all strokes are caused by the sudden blockage of a cerebral artery. The resulting decrease in blood flow leads to ischemic damage in the region of the brain that is fed by the artery. These CVAs are called ischemic strokes. Most ischemic strokes are due to blood clots. The remaining 13%
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Advances in the knowledge of molecular biology of cancer and pathways involved in malignant transformation of cells are revolutionizing the approach to cancer treatment with a focus on targeted cancer therapy. Targeted cancer therapies are drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression. Because scientists often call these molecules “molecular targets‚” targeted cancer therapies are sometimes called
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Module 02 Case Study: Integumentary System Part I—"Soaking Up the Sun" Questions 1. What are some differences between Judy and Mariah that might make Judy more "at risk" for skin cancer than Mariah? (2 points) --Some of the differences would be the coloring of their skin. Mariah has darker pigmentation‚ with dark hair. Mariah has more melanin in her skin giving her more protection from the sun‚ unlike Judy‚ who has light skin‚ with red hair and blue eyes. Also the fact that Mariah goes out in
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11. What is the structure of a DNA molecule? a. What forms the backbone of the DNA molecule? b. What kind of bonds occur between the 3’ OH on the 3’ C of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next? b. What forms the “steps of the ladder”? c. What kind of bonds hold the nitrogen bases together? d. What is meant by anti-parallel strands? 12. What is Chargaff’s rule (what binds with what?) 13. How does DNA fold into a chromosome? (the 6 steps) 14. What is a nucleosome? 15. What are
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