Unit 5 Describe the two process by which hormones can cause certain genes to be turned on. (4) Any 2 from: - A hormone binds to a receptor in the cell surface membrane - Idea of the receptor causing (chemical) changes inside the cell - A (functional) {second messenger} activates an {enzyme/transcription factor/eq} Any 2 from: - Idea of a hormone entering the cell through the cell membrane - The hormone binds to a receptor - The {hormone-receptor complex/eq} acts as a transcription factor
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INTRODUCTION: characteristics‚ basic properties and medical importance of the virus The human papilloma virus‚ a member of the family Papillomaviridae‚ is an agent that causes Human Papillomavirus infections that affect skin and mucous membranes. This group of viruses includes more than 100 different strains or types and more than 30 of these viruses are sexually transmitted. HPV can infect the genital areas of both women and men and is a virus specific to humans. This includes the vulva in
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Ebola Virus Ebola virus (EBOV) is considered to be one of the most belligerent contagious agents and has an ability to cause highly fatal hemorrhagic fever syndrome that results in human and non-human primate’s death (NHPs) during the days of exposure. The first notification of the virus was mentioned in the Ebola River valley in Zaire for the time of an outburst in 1976. Moreover‚ the outbursts have appeared in Africa over the following 27 years‚ with death rates that differ from 50 to 90%. In
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Combination of flow with 3D cell culture improves metabolic competency in multiple cell types Lewis ME‚a* Gordon P‚a Tholozan F‚b Ciammaicella D‚c Vinci B‚c Przyborski S‚b Krajewska E‚a Darley K‚a Wilkinson JM a a. Kirkstall Ltd.‚ Sheffield UK. b. Reinnervate Ltd.‚ Durham UK. c. University of Pisa‚ Pisa‚ Italy. *Corresponding author. Kirkstall Ltd.‚ 40 Leavygreave Rd‚ Sheffield‚ UK‚ S3 7RD 1. Introduction • Growing cells in 2D under static conditions is the gold standard of cell culture. However
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VITAMIN D (CALCITRIOL) INTRODUCTION: Bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus‚ and in mineralization of bone. More recently‚ it has become clear that receptors for vitamin D are present in a wide variety of cells‚ and that this hormone has biologic effects which extend far beyond control of mineral metabolism. Vitamin D is thus not
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Paclitaxel (PTX) Paclitaxel (PTX)‚ a member of taxane family‚ it’s an effective antineoplastic agent for treatment of many forms cancer. The success of PTX in these diseases due to a broad spectrum of antitumor activity‚ efficacy in terms of dense disseminated tumours and a unique mechanism of action. This microtubule-stabilizing drug selectively disrupts the microtubule forces‚ which induces mitotic arrest that leads to cell death(Bernabeu et al. 2017). A brief run through of its development from
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interior is pH 5; cellular digestion: autophagy Peroxisomes-small and spherical; long chain fatty acid oxidation; lipid oxidation; O2 and H2O2 based reactions Mitochondria-ETC; generation of ATP; oxidation of pyruvate‚ fatty acids‚ amino acids; apoptosis; contain own DNA and reproduce dividing in two Chloroplasts – capture energy from sunlight; found in plants and algae; Know size ranges for the cell and its components. Be able to convert between units of measure. 1m=103 mm=106µm =109 nm
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Module 04 Homework Assignment Use the information presented in this module along with additional outside research to answer the questions: 1 Discuss the two methods of viral replication. The two methods of viral replication are done in animal viruses. The first method deals with DNA viruses and the second is RNA viruses. In the DNA virus‚ the viral DNA enters the nucleus of the host cell. Than it is transcribed into mRNA and leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The early mRNA then translates
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Cancer is caused by the “loss of normal growth control.” Normally‚ your cells divide in an orderly fashion‚ replacing the cells that have been damaged or grown old‚ this system is called apoptosis. Cancer is a mutation in the cell division‚ when DNA is damaged‚ the mutations are more susceptible. When the mutations accumulate‚ normal cells can be turned into precancerous cells. Cancer is formed from the collection of these cells. However
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References: 1. . Usha Lad & Dr. Vasant Lad. "Ayurvedic Cooking for Self Healing"(2006) 2 4. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print] "Curcumin induces apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-treated HaCaT cells."‚ 22498762:PubMed Curcumin also inhibited the TNF-a-induced production of IL-6/IL-8 in HaCaT cells
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