What is AIDS? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly-replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‚ a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive (1). A virus is a piece of genetic material‚ RNA or DNA‚ surrounded by a protein coat. To replicate‚ a virus must infect a cell and direct its cellular machinery to produce new viruses. A virus cannot
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Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Bones: living tissues: Highly vascular Bone is not static throughout life Remodeled throughout Begins as cartilage and fibrous sheets Cartilages of the Body: Skeletal Cartilages is made of some variety of cartilage tissue molded to fit its body location and function. Cartilage‚ which contains no nerves or blood vessels‚ is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue is called the perichondrium 3 types of Cartilages: Hyaline Cartilage: provide support
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Alcohol and its Effects Rachael Wade Ivy Tech Community College Alcohol and its Effects Alcohol can be a very harmful substance. Alcohol can be abused‚ and people can get addicted to it like any other drug. It can impair coordination and judgment as well as a lot of other things. Alcohol can also have long term effects on the organs in the body. It can affect people psychologically as well as behaviorally. Many deaths that occur each day are caused by alcohol. Consuming alcohol affects a
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Chapter 2- Darwin was the first to suggest how evolutionoccurs. Humans belong to the primate family known as hominins. Characteristics that evolved to perform one function but were co-opted to perform another function are called exaptations. Each group of three consecutive nucleotide bases along the strand of messenger RNA is called a codon‚ which instructs the ribosome to add amino acids to the protein being constructed. Subsequent to the nature-nuture issue‚ a second line of thought surrounding
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Introduction to Biochemistry Biochemistry : a multidisciplinary science that explores the chemistry of living organisms and molecular basis for changes occurring in living cells. Principal areas of Biochemistry 1. Struture and Function of Biomolecules Based on structure depend the function (structure function relationship) Example: Hemoglobin S differs from regular adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A) by just one single amino acid. A valine replaces a glutamine in the 6th position of the beta
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Streptococcus pyogenes Research paper MCB 2010C March 17‚ 2014 Nature of Causative Organism Streptococcus pyogenes‚ a group A streptococci‚ is a gram-positive‚ non-spore forming bacteria that can be seen as oval cocci chain forming shapes less than 2 micrometers in diameter under the microscope. It is a facultative anaerobe that can use fermentation for its metabolism. It needs a blood containing medium to grow and exhibits beta-hemolysis. It is a non-motile‚ nonspore forming bacterium. S. pyogenes
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Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation 1. The mitochondrion Lec 8 A. Mitochondrial anatomy B. Mitochondrial transport systems 2. Electron transport A. Thermodynamics of electron transport B. The sequence of electron transport Lec 9 C. Complex I NADH Coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase D. Complex II succinate Coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase E. Complex III Coenzyme Q-Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase F. Complex IV Cytochrome c oxidase 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation A. The Chemiosmotic Theory
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Chapter 5 The skin is composed of two distinct regions‚ the epidermis and the dermis. These two areas are firmly attached to one another along a wavy borderline. The epidermis (epi = upon) composed of epithelial cells‚ and is the outermost protective shield of the body. Epidermis - Structurally‚ the epidermis is a thick keratinued stratified squamous epithelium consisting of four distinct cell types and five distinct layers. Cells of the Epidermis - Cells populating the epidermis include: keratinocytes
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Anabolic: growth of muscle mass and strength‚ increased bone density‚ growth and strength‚Virilizing: maturation of sex organs‚ formation of scrotum‚ deepening of voice‚ growth of beard and axillary hair. | Estradiol | Sertoli cells | Prevent apoptosis of germ cells[5] | Inhibin | Sertoli cells | Inhibit production of FSH | Ovarian follicle / Corpus luteum Secreted hormone | From cells | Effect
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1. The final yield of the cells can be determined by use of an automated cell counter or by use of a hemocytometer (Neubauer chamber). In our laboratory‚ we determine the number of purified cells in a Neubauer-improved‚ bright line chamber with V-slash with a depth of 0.1 mm and a counting area of 0.0025 mm2 from Marienfeld (Lauda Königshofen‚ Germany‚ PN # 0650030). 2. For determination of the final cell yield‚ mix a 10 µl aliquot of the purified cells (Figure 9D) with 10 µl of trypan blue solution
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