1．Littleton (1969) outlined seven pre-conditions necessary for the development of double entry bookkeeping. Discuss each of these in the context of why Littleton felt they were essential. • Writing In the past‚ Many business owner had little education backgrounds. They had insufficient knowledge and had no idea why record keeping was important. Nowadays more and more businessmen are able to read and write and also the availability of paper make written records facilitate the adoption of double
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Strategies exist at a number of levels in an organisation. Taking Yahoo! again as an example‚ it is possible to distinguish at least three different levels of strategy. The top level is corporate-level strategy‚ concerned with the overall scope of an organisation and how value will be added to the different parts (business units) of the organisation. This could include issues of geographical coverage‚ diversity of products/services or business units‚ and how resources are to be allocated between
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Management Chapter 6 Structure: Levels of strategy: Superior performance Competitive advantages Corporate strategy---what business/industry Business strategy—how to compete Functional strategy---execute to support Business strategic goals by @ all department 1. Superior performance: the ability to generate high profitability and increase profits over time High profitability Superior performance Requires eg. Specific strategy‚ Technology‚ capabilities etc Growth in profits
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BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY Any given organization may comprise a number of different businesses. Each operating in distinct markets and serving different customers. A market is defined by demand conditions and based on an organization’s customers and potential customers. Industry is determined by supply conditions and based on production technology. Business level strategy is a means of separating out and formulating a competitive strategy at the level of individual business unit. This is sometimes
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A business-level strategy is an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions that firms use to gain a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product market. Only firms that continuously upgrade their competitive advantages over time are able to achieve long-term success with their business-level strategy. Effective management of customer relationships help the firms answer questions related to the issues of who‚ what‚ and how. Customers are the foundation
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Business Level Strategy Google currently pursues the generic business level strategy of differentiation. Google offers many unique products and services to many different kinds of customers. By offering so many distinct products and services‚ Google is able to achieve a competitive advantage. The Google web search engine‚ the company’s most popular service‚ offers users a more reliable way to search. Google’s web search engine has differentiated itself from competing search engines
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decide how to implement these factors in their business-level strategy‚ and then they can compete effectively with rivals. Target has decided to choose a differentiation strategy towards providing the value of money and a full shopping experience. Target has differentiated from competitors by expanding their food selection and improving their customer service. On the first page of Target’s annual report “A Fresh Approach” is spelt with apples‚ pineapples‚ and bananas. Target’s pun on “fresh”
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Corporate-level strategy : Corporate-level strategy Diversification The Coca-Cola produced new RTD (Ready-To-Drink) coffee with Italy-based café. International expansion Their products are launched in more than 200 countries. Three levels of plan : Three levels of plan The corporate-level plan …How to manage their affiliates The business-level plan …To make a connection to restaurants etc The functional-level plan …How to advertise their products Structure : Structure Coca-cola company’s
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Business-Level Strategy of Air Asia Introduction: Aviation‚ an industry where it is full of fluctuations‚ has always been affected by various factors. It is not uncommon to see aviation-related companies keep changing their own strategies to make ends meet. Overall the air industry in Asia has continuously growth recently and maintains a high level of ranking. Among the explosive growth in budget airlines market‚ Air Asia is obviously the typical example for further study with the most fleet sizes
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Business Level Strategy BMW BMW’S Primary Business Lines (http://www.marketlineinfo.com/library/iProduct_toc.aspx?R=6A41C0F5-51FC-4B71-AF83-0B9F412CB891) The company generates revenues through three business divisions: automobiles (78.0% of the total revenues during fiscal year 2006)‚ financial services (20.2%)‚ motorcycles (1.8%). BMW focuses on the premium segments of the global passenger car and motorcycle market. The company also provides financial and information technology services
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