DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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| JOLLIBEE FOODS CORPORATION | COMMON SIZE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RATIO ANALYSIS | | RUFIN‚ MA. URIKA C.2008103114FIN102DEAN MAURICE SABIOSY2010-2011 | | | RATIO ANALYSIS | 1.) EARNINGS PER SHARE | | | | | | | | | EPS= | NET INCOME - PREFERRED DIVIDENDS | | | | AVE. NO. OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | | | | | | | | | NET INCOME | OUTSTANDING SHARES | | | 3‚637‚297‚943 | 2010 | 1‚053‚438‚818 | | | | 2009 | 1‚051‚458‚156 | | | |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 MANAGERIAL FINANCE: 3 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS: 3 RATIO ANALYSIS: 3 FAUJI CEMENT BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 4 RATIO ANALYSIS: 9 INTRODUCTION MANAGERIAL FINANCE: • Managerial finance is concerned with the duties of the financial manager in the business firm. • The financial manager actively manages the financial affairs of any type of business‚ whether private or public‚ large or small‚ profit-seeking or not-for-profit
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Coursework Ratio Analysis of Tesco and Sainsbury Introduction This report details the results of a ratio analysis of two of the largest retailers in the UK: Sainsbury and Tesco based on their audited financial statements for the financial years ending 2011‚ 2012‚ and 2013. The two companies are compared with each other based on their profitability and liquidity ratios. This report then critically interprets the results of the ratio analysis calculations and then discusses the weaknesses of ratio analysis
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Profitability Ratios Profitability Ratios attempt to measure the firm’s success in generating income. These ratios reflect the combined effects of the firm’s asset and debt management. Profit Margin The Profit Margin indicates the dollars in income that the firm earns on each dollar of sales. This ratio is calculated by dividing Net Income by Sales. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) The Return on Assets Ratio indicates the dollars in income earned by the firm on its assets
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Ratio analysis 1. Liquidity ratio The liquidity ratios measure the company’s ability to meet its short-term debt obligations (Intermediate accounting- Kieso‚ D.E.‚ J.J. Weygandt and T.D. Warfield). These ratios include current ratios‚ quick ratios‚ and cash ratio. Current ratio: the current ratio of GM has increased from 1.29 in 2012 to 1.30 in 2013. With a higher ratio in 2013‚ it’s better for GM to meet its short-term obligation. Quick ratio: the quick ratio of GM has improved from 0.79 in 2012
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reported on the financial statements. 1) Return on Equity: One of the most important profitability ratios is return on equity (ROE). ROE is the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity measures a corporation’s profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. The return on equity ratio is computed as follows: Return on Equity = | Net Income | | Average Shareholder’s Equity | Simply
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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The Golden Ratio Body‚ art‚ music‚ architecture‚ nature – all connected by a simple irrational number – the Golden Ratio. According to Posamentier & Lehmann in their work The (Fabulous) Fibonacci Numbers‚ there is reason to believe that the letter φ (phi) was used because it is the first letter of the name of the celebrated Greek sculptor Phidias (490-430 BCE). He produced the famous statue of Zeus in the Temple of Olympia and supervised the construction of the Parthenon in Athens
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Ratio Worksheet 1. a. Split £10 into the ratio 2 : 3 c. Split 50 sweets into the ratio 9 : 1 e. Split 2.50m into the ratio 3 : 2 g. Divide 56kg into the ratio 2 : 5 : 1 i. Divide 75 birds into the ratio 8 : 5 : 2 k. Split 3kg 600g into the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 b. Split £48 into the ratio 3 : 5 d. Change 250ml into the ratio 7 : 3 f. Change £6.60 into the ratio 5 : 6 h. Split £100 into the ratio 5 : 4 : 1 j. Divide 1.20m in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 l. Split 1 hr 20 mins into the ratio 1 : 4
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