CHAPTER 4 : COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS : A MANAGERIAL PLANNING TOOL SUMMARY Cost-Volume-Profit analysis estimates how changes in costs (both variable and fixed)‚ sales volume‚ and price affect a company’s profit. CVP is a powerful tool for planning and decision making. Operating Income = Total revenue – Total Expense Contribution margin is the difference between sales and variable expense. It is the amount of sales revenue left over after all the variable expenses are covered that can be used
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Singh 2010PMM115 Himanshu Bhatt 2010PMM132 Main points Problems faced in financial performance of biopharma Inc. Steep decline in profits. Very high costs at Germany and Japan plants. Stable demand across the globe. Company could no longer afford to have surplus capacity. Aims at having an efficient network. Cutting the costs is the top priority. Background Biopharma Inc. is a global manufacturer of the bulk chemicals used in pharmaceutical industry. Two patents- - highcal
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Analysis Understand how cost behavior and cost-volume-profit analysis are used by managers. 2 Questions Addressed by CVP Analysis How much must I sell to earn my desired income? How will income be affected if I reduce selling prices to increase sales volume? What will happen to profitability if I expand capacity? 3 Cost-Profit-Volume Analysis What is cost-volume-profit analysis? It is the study of the effects of output volume on revenue (sales)‚ expenses (costs)‚ and net income (net profit)
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1 An Introduction to Managerial Accounting and Cost Concepts Introduction to Managerial Accounting MSc. Mohammad Hicham Khalil Objectives 1. Comparison of Financial and Managerial 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Accounting. General Cost Classifications. Product Cost versus Period Cost. Cost Classifications on Financial Statements. Cost Classifications for Predicting Cost Behavior. Cost Classification for Assigning Costs to Cost Objectives. Cost Classification for Decision Making. Review Problems
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follows. Cost Items and Account Balances $ Administrative salaries 15‚500 Advertising for helmets 11‚000 Cash ‚ December 1 0 Depreciation – Factory Building 1‚500 Depreciation – Office Equipment 800 Insurance – Factory Building 1‚500 Miscellaneous expenses - Factory 1‚000 Office supplies expense 300 Professional Fees 500 Property Taxes - Factory Building 400 Raw material used 70‚000 Rent on production equipment 6‚000 Research & development 10‚000 Sales commission 40‚000 Utility Costs - Factory
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Which of the following defines variable cost behavior? Total cost reactionto increase in activity|Cost per unit reactionto increase in activity| a.|remains constant remains constant| b.|remains constant increases| c.|increases increases| d.|increases remains constant| ____ 2. When cost relationships are linear‚ total variable prime costs will vary in proportion to changes in a
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process‚ beginning: Units in beginning work-in-process inventory | 400 | Materials costs | $6‚900 | Conversion costs | $2‚500 | Percentage complete for materials | 80% | Percentage complete for conversion | 15% | Units started into production during the month | 6‚000 | Units transferred to the next department during the month | 5‚000 | Materials costs added during the month | $112‚500 | Conversion costs added during the month | $210‚300 | Ending work in process: Units in ending work-in-process
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Quiz – Chapter 17 – Solution 1. Rider Company sells a single product. The product has a selling price of $40 per unit and variable expenses of $15 per unit. The company’s fixed expenses total $30‚000 per year. The company’s break-even point in terms of total dollar sales is: A) $100‚000. B) $80‚000. C) $60‚000. D) $48‚000. The answer is d. CMR = (P-V)/P = ($40 - $15)/$40 = 62.5% Px = F/ (CMR) Px = $30‚000/.625 = $48‚000 Use the following to answer questions 2-3: Weiss Corporation produces two models
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the cost of production. The definition of productivity is what is put out per the number of hours put in‚ or worked. For instance‚ if you make 50 cookies over 50 hours worked‚ your rate of productivity is 1 per hour. The cost of production is comprised of several factors: fixed costs; variable costs; and the total cost. The fixed costs are defined as “costs that are spent and cannot be changed in the period of time under consideration” (Colander‚ 2010‚ p. 283). The variable costs are
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Chapter 4 Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis Some things we know: The objective of every business is to make money (profit) for the owners Profit = Revenues – Expenses Revenues = Sales = Quantity sold x price per unit Expenses = the costs related to: the specific revenue (COGS) or the specific accounting period Matching Principle Role of Management is: Planning‚ control and performance measurement‚ and decision-making Decision-making relates to future
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