Activity-based costing in restaurants 1. Introduction Interest in cost and management accounting practices in the restaurant industry is rising (Raab et al.‚ 2009; Annaraud et al.‚ 2008). Pavesic (1985) has initiated research in pricing and cost accounting for restaurants‚ introducing the concept of profit factor (PF) in menu engineering (ME). Prior studies‚ such as the one presented in Chan and Au (1998) investigate the implications of not incorporating overhead costs in menu-item profitability
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national economic‚ political system‚ government policy and law. Apple design‚ develop and market numerous product and service lines. They sell their products to education‚ consumer creative professional‚ business and government customers. While apple seems to display numerous products and conduct business on different segments‚ it is legitimate to wonder what the company is really good at? Too much diversity is exactly what crushed Apple during the John Scully days. （一）、政治、法律环境 指一个国家的政治制度、体制、政治形式、方针政策、法律法规等方面。它包括了：
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GAAP v. non-GAAP: Impacts on Financial Statements A non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of past or future financial performance‚ financial position or cash flows that includes amounts that are excluded from the most directly comparable GAAP measure or excludes amounts that are included in the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Some common examples of non-GAAP earnings measures are cash earnings‚ operating earnings‚ EBITDA and FFO. The non-GAAP numbers impact revenue numbers without
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Two general approaches are used for costing products for the purpose of valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach is called absorption costing. Absorption costing is generally used for external financial reports. The other approach called variable costing is preferred by some companies for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format. Ordinarily absorption costing and variable costing produce different figures for net income
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Advantages and disadvantages of variable costing Many managers use variable costing for internal reporting and decision making since it has number of advantages (Myers par. 1). First‚ on variable costing reports costs are organized by behavior which makes it easier to understand. Also‚ variable costing statements facilitate cost volume profit (CVP) analysis because it separates cost behavior by fixed and variable. Under variable costing‚ changes in inventory or production do not affect the
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1) A well-designed activity-based costing system starts with __________. A. analyzing the activities performed to manufacture a product B. assigning manufacturing overhead costs for each activity cost pool to products C. computing the activity-based overhead rate D. identifying the activity-cost pools 2) "Generally accepted" in the phrase generally accepted accounting principles means that the principles __________. A. have been approved for use by the managements of business
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group project Chapter 18: Process Costing Abstract This paper identifies the key points on Process Costing. It covers over various topics like the flow of costs through a process costing system‚ how to calculate equivalent units of production for direct materials and conversion costs‚ the preparation of a production cost report‚ and how to prepare journal entries for a process costing system. Examples will also be shown on how process costing is used in the real world through
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“APPLE “ Daily? Since Apple Inc. produce iphone‚ it seems that iphone change our defination of smart phone. Iphone create a culture seems that people cannot live without it anymore‚ people use it anytime and anywhere. Iphone has been in the name of smartphones. It can be treat as a new cultural artefact and the latest medium of modern culture‚ it changes our way of communication‚ social connection‚ and having an iphone seems to be a lifestyle. The new forms of communication IPhone is a mobile
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I. Identify and classify different types of cost incurred in Foxwood Company with an appropriate cost classification There are many concepts of cost in an organization. Costs also are used in different business applications‚ such as financial accounting‚ cost accounting‚ budgeting‚ capital budgeting‚ and valuation. Consequently‚ there are different ways of categorizing costs according to their relationship to output as well as according to the context in which they are used. Following this summary
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Activity Based Costing [pic] Overview of Activity Based Costing Activity-based costing (ABC) is a methodology for more precisely allocating overhead to those items that actually use it. ABC works best in complex environments‚ where there are many machines and products‚ and tangled processes that are not easy to sort out. Problems with Activity Based Costing Many companies initiate ABC projects with the best of intentions‚ only to see a very high proportion of the projects either fail‚
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