AUDIT EVIDENCE Audit Evidence Definition : All the information used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based. This includes the information contained in the account records underlying the financial statements and other information. Additionally‚ audit evidence should be persuasive‚ rather than convincing. There are different levels of reliability of audit evidence‚ some providing more evidence than others. There are nine types of audit evidence
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MEANING OF AUDITING The word ‘Audit’ is originated from the Latin word ’Audire’ which means ’to hear’. In the earlier days‚ whenever there is suspected fraud in a business organization‚ the owner of the business would appoint a person to check the accounts and hear the explanations given by the person responsible for keeping the account and funds. In those days‚ the audit is done to find out whether the payments and receipt are properly accounted or not. The objective of modern day accounting
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Auditing Theory 1. A control which relates to all parts of the EDP system is called a(n) a. Systems control c. Applications control b. General control d. Universal control 2. Which of the following is not an output control? a. Proper authorization of transaction b. Control totals c. Check digits d. Adequate documents 3. Should the auditor feel‚ after obtaining an understanding of the EDP internal control structure‚ that control risk cannot be reduced‚ he or she will a. Issue a disclaimer b. Issue
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non-audit services are provided to your clients your consideration of your independence should be documented on your audit file. Accounting services Unlisted clients You may provide certain accounting services to the client provided safeguards are applied. The accounting services that you can provide should not involve initiating transactions or making management decisions and should be of a mechanical nature. The safeguards should be as follows; Accounting services are provided by staff not
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Definitions (2) 1. An examination and verification of a company’s financial and accounting records and supporting documents by a professional‚ such as a Certified Public Accountant. 2. An audit is an IRS examination of an individual or corporation’s tax return‚ to verify its accuracy. There are three types of audits: correspondence audits (the IRS mails a request for additional information)‚ office audits (an interview is conducted at a local IRS office)‚ and field audits (an interview is conducted
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Is the demand for auditing a regulatory artifact or market driven? Pre SEC era: There is evidence that before legislation on auditing existed there were still forms of auditing. In the medieval times there were the guilds‚ later audits were conducted by directors or shareholders of a company. In the 19th century US companies voluntarily contracted for audits. Current data on non-SEC companies In 1977‚ 80% of corporate audit clients of PwC are non-SEC-registrants (Biegler 1977). Privately owned
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Applied Econometrics Applied Econometrics Introduction Outline FEM11090-12 Applied Econometrics Nalan Basturk Erasmus University Rotterdam Econometric Institute basturk@ese.eur.nl http://people.few.eur.nl/basturk/ Introduction Course Introduction Course Organization Motivation Introduction Today Regression Linear Regression Ordinary Least Squares Linear regression model Gauss-Markov conditions and the properties of OLS estimators Example: individual wages Goodness-of-fit 1 / 42 2 / 42
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Matthew J The Social Developmental Value of Theatre Arts 07/01/2013 Applied Theatre is an umbrella term used to describe theatre and drama based practices with the aim of social development. The topics can range from targets of community building‚ protest‚ cultural awareness and sensitivities‚ harm reduction‚ religion‚ health‚ socio-economic representation‚ and educational purposes. Within Applied Theatre‚ there are no set traditional theatrical methods but a preference towards innovative
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Memo To: John Doe From: Team C Date: February 20‚ 2012 Subject: Auditing‚ share-based payment and SPE reporting A publically traded company offers challenges to auditing when it comes to shared-based payment reporting and special-purpose entities (SPE) reporting individually. The most basic principle of GAAP at risk is the qualitative characteristic of reliability. Shared-based payment and SPE reporting individually has been broken down to better equip the audit for our client. It is important
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Ever heard of applied kinesiology? If you know what it is‚ then count yourself among the select enlightened few. Kinesiology is a largely unknown but rapidly growing holistic therapy that can be applied in different scenarios due to its many uses. Kinesiology can be a good way of testing any allergies you might have‚ getting rid of stress and resolving different health problems without the intake of prescription drugs. If you’re the type of person who prefers a more natural approach to wellness
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