PATTERNS By Prof.Dr Lubna Riyadh Abdul Jabbar Abstract Within the realm of the linguistic description of text‚ Hoey has adopted the approach that sees text as possessing organization‚ that is‚ describable in terms of patterns of organization. Accordingly‚ organizational statements of text describe what is done by accounting for probabilities. In such an approach‚ no linguistic combination is impossible‚ but some are decidedly improbable. Hoey claims that the structural description
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’s Linguistics Across Cultures (1957). In this book‚ Lado claimed that "those elements which are similar to [the learner ’s] native language will be simple for him‚ and those elements that are different will be difficult". While this was not a novel suggestion‚ Lado was the first to provide a comprehensive theoretical treatment and to suggest a systematic set of technical procedures for the contrastive study of languages. This involved describing the languages (using structuralist linguistics)‚ comparing
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A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE ’S POEM "WINTER" Linguistic studies have taken such rapid strides in recent years that the range is baffling to the innocent and amazingly delightful to the linguistics-oriented. Applied linguistics is concerned with many fields and subjects on Planet Earth and possibly beyond that. A piece of literature largely depends on thought and style. The concept of style in literature is the product of abstraction in the sense that style is based on a special
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rules‚ a grammar. Although child grammar and adult grammars differ in certain respects‚ they also share many formal properties. Speaking about the norture of language by the children‚ it will be connected to the term of applied linguistics. Because here‚ in applied linguistics‚ we study about how parents’ language influences their children language. Such a low class parents with a straightforward sentences‚ middle class parents with the usual language‚ and high class parents with their
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founded. IPA started publications of a special phonetic magazine “Le Mattre Phonetique”. It stated phonetic symbols for sounds of many existing languages. 2. Subject of Phonetics Phonetics is a special science‚ which stands apart from other linguistic disciplines‚ such as lexicology‚ grammar‚ stylistics‚
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to imagine significant social‚ intellectual or artistic activity taking place in its absence. The scope and diversity of human thought and experience place great demand on language. One of the most fundamental claims of modern linguistic analysis is that all languages have some common features. This can be verified by considering a few simple facts. Since all the languages are spoken‚ they must have phonetic and phonological systems; since they all have words and sentences‚ they
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the artful expression of idea and stylistics is the bridge that links the idea of style to the analysis of literary texts through the tool of linguistics. The 19th century‚ that witnessed evolution in the field of biography‚ historiography‚ anthropology and others‚ could not remain unattached to immutable linguistic and stylistic norms in literature. Linguistic study was esoteric in the beginning and severely criticized as‚ "pretension of scientific accuracy‚ obsession with an extensive; cumbersome
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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) originated from the changes in the British Situational Language Teaching approach dating from the late 1960s (Richards & Rodgers‚ 2001). Stemming from the socio-cognitive perspective of the socio-linguistic theory‚ with an emphasis on meaning and communication‚ and a goal to develop learners’ “communicative competence”‚ Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach evolves as a prominent language teaching method and gradually replaced the previous
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complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics. Linguistic theory has traditionally considered native speakers as the only reliable source of linguistic data (Chomsky 1965). It is therefore not surprising to find only a limited number of works focusing on non-native speakers prior to the 1990s. The first attempt to put‘(non)nativism’ onto the centre stage of linguistic inquiry by challenging current undisputed assumptions on the matter was Paikeday’s
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rhetoric. It then summarizes the work in the area of contrastive rhetoric done in Iran. The paper points to the fact that in Iran contrastive rhetoric studies have focused on a) linguistic and rhetorical patterns as reflected in L1 and L2 writings of learners‚ b) discovering writing behaviors‚ c) meta-discourse in applied linguistics‚ d) the impact of EFL learners rhetorical organizations in English text comprehension and that they have found that there is a correlation between L1 writing behaviors and
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