ORIGIN The hypodermic needle theory also known as hypodermic syringe model‚ transmission-belt model‚ the magic bullet theory is rooted in the 1930s behaviorism and is largely considered obsolete today. It arose from World War 1 in which Propaganda as used to manipulate individuals. During this era‚ the media was deceptively used to persuade much of the population. the war strategies base their action on the mass society theory which stresses increased heterogeneity and individual among community
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THE RATIONALE OF ECONOMIC REFORMS – CRISIS OF 1991 Domestic Economy: 1. There was inefficient management of the Indian economy in the 1980s. The govt expenditure was more than the govt. revenue. Govt. was not able to generate sufficient revenue from internal sources such as taxation. 2. To finance the deficit the government borrowed heavily from banks‚ people of the country and international financial institutions. 3. Development policies required that even though the revenues were low‚ govt
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sound business decisions requires knowing the economic environment in which firms operate. It requires an understanding of key economic indicators‚ the relationship among economic variables‚ the mechanics of how the economy works as a whole‚ and the role of economic institutions. The topics we cover in this intermediate course in macroeconomics will help you understand how economies function‚ both in the national and international contexts. Economics is one of the foundations for other functional
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Economic Sanctions As a Policy Instrument Author(s): James Barber Source: International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-)‚ Vol. 55‚ No. 3 (Jul.‚ 1979)‚ pp. 367-384 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2615145 . Accessed: 13/04/2013 21:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
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Fiscal Deficit-Economic Growth Nexus in India: A Cointegration analysis Ranjan Kumar Mohanty1 Abstract The basic aim of the study is to examine both the short run and long run relationship between fiscal deficit and economic growth in India by covering the time period from 1970-71 to 201112. Johansen Cointegration test‚ Granger Causality test‚ And Vector Error correction Model (VECM) technique are adopted in order to examine the objectives of this study. The Johansen methodology confirms the existence
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The Nigerian economy is most definitely a structured political economy similar to that of the United States. The term political economy examines the relationship between politics and economics in modern societies. Specifically‚ this relationship consists of a key alliance between the government and the economy which are manipulated by the capitalist class in order to serve all of their own interests. The capitalist class however can be further broken down into a ruling class that holds the greatest
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The objective of efficient resource allocation refers to an economy ’s ability to meet its obligations in ensuring that all social and economic objectives are met without waste‚ for example to allocate resources so that they are distributed efficiently to improve the standard or living. This is the only way that we can ensure that we will be able to maximize the number of goods and services that we are able to provide. In addition‚ we will also be more likely to guarantee the long term availability
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Fiscal administration IS THE ACT OF MANAGING INCOMING AND OUTGOING MONETARY TRANSACTIONS AND BUDGETS FOR GOVERNMENTS‚ EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS‚ NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS‚ AND OTHER PUBLIC SERVICE ENTITIES. Fiscal administration -systems‚ -structures‚ -processes‚ -Officials and personnel‚ - and the policy environment governing intergovernmental‚ and inter-local fiscal relations Fiscal administration March 17‚ 1897 -Revolutionary Government was founded in Naic‚ Cavite - Dir. Baldomero Aguinaldo
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THE USE OF FISCAL INSTRUMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING POLICIES M.M. Sunikka1 Abstract Although progressive government guidelines and knowledge about sustainable building exist‚ sustainability measures are not adopted in large scale. Several barriers have been identified‚ especially the perceived costs of implementing environmental management and the lack of market demand. The choice of fiscal instruments is an important issue in sustainable building policies. This paper presents an analysis
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Fiscal deficit In a system of indicative planning reliance‚ fiscal policy plays an instrumental role in the economy of any country. Planning Commission of India had pointed out in the Seventh Five Year Plan that‚ the “Fiscal policy has a multi-dimensional role” which “particularly aims at improving the growth performance of the economy and ensuring social justice to the people. However‚ when a fiscal policy is not used discreetly‚ it is likely to create a fiscal mess.....A fiscal imbalance requires
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