MARKETING MANAGEMENT 5. Branding‚ Labeling‚ Packaging & Pricing Brand What is a Brand? A Brand is a name‚ term‚ symbol or design to identify the goods or services and to differentiate them from those of the competitors. Effect – A Brand identifies the product for the buyer. A seller can earn the goodwill and have the patronage repeated. Brand – A name‚ term‚ sign‚ symbol or design or a combination of them which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group
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evidence is very mixed. So the debate on the validity of the CAPM remains a questionable issue. keywords: CAPM‚ CAPM’s variants‚ Assumptions‚ Literature Survey. JEL Classification: G11. 1. Introduction The traditional capital assets pricing model (CAPM)‚ always the most widespread model of the financial theory‚ was prone to harsh criticisms not only by the academicians but also by the experts in finance. Indeed‚ in the last few decades an enormous body of empirical researches has gathered
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The Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) mechanism is one of the most commonly employed tools for market settlement in the deregulated power system environment. The proposed work is to determine LMP considering the transmission congestion in Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for an open access power market. The main function of LMP is to give an economic signal to the system operator for the competitive power market. The generator bids are supposed to same as their incremental costs in order
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Basic Overview of Various Strategic Planning Models (Including Basic‚ Issue-Based‚ Alignment‚ Scenario and Organic) Written by Carter McNamara‚ MBA‚ PhD‚ Authenticity Consulting‚ LLC. Copyright 1997-2006. Adapted from the Field Guide to Nonprofit Strategic Planning and Facilitation. There is no one perfect strategic planning model for each organization. Each organization ends up developing its own nature and model of strategic planning‚ often by selecting a model and modifying it as they
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IT Strategy White Paper Telecom Sector: Vodafone 2013 IT Strategy White Paper Telecom Sector: Vodafone 2013 Submitted by: Geetha Ranganathan 2011B41 Rosanne Mathias 2011B10 Augustus Simon 2011B31 Pranshu Sahni 2011B20 Sidharth Geddam 2011B04 Royston Vaz 2011C48 Aastha Dhawan 2011D36 Submitted by: Geetha Ranganathan 2011B41 Rosanne Mathias 2011B10 Augustus Simon 2011B31 Pranshu Sahni 2011B20 Sidharth
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Chapter 10 Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Multifactor Models of Risk and Return Multiple Choice Questions 1. ___________ a relationship between expected return and risk. A. APT stipulates B. CAPM stipulates C. Both CAPM and APT stipulate D. Neither CAPM nor APT stipulate E. No pricing model has found Both models attempt to explain asset pricing based on risk/return relationships. Difficulty: Easy 2. ___________ a relationship between expected return and risk. A. APT stipulates
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TRANSFER PRICING IN INDIA FOR DOMESTIC TRANSACTIONS Vishal Achanta‚ No.632 All references to the ‘statute’ must be construed to mean the Income Tax Act‚ 1961‚ as amended by the Finance Act‚ 2012. Transfer pricing is a relatively new concept in the Indian taxation regime‚ and transfer pricing with respect to domestic transactions is barely a year or two old. This article aims to explore the basics of transfer pricing and specified domestic transactions in India‚ and identify areas of improvement
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consumers in other developed countries and that Canada is constantly losing ground in terms of innovation‚ penetration rates and investment in infrastructure. At a time the CRTC is asking itself whether it should regulate the wireless sector‚ it is appropriate to look at the state of this industry in Canada. Much higher prices than elsewhere? The studies carried out by the OECD are among those most often cited to lend support to the idea that the prices of wireless telephony in Canada are much higher
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research topic: The implication of conditional betas on the Fama-French three factor model Introduction CAPM has been an active area of research over the past half century since the introduction of Sharpe development of the capital asset pricing model. Much progress has been made in the early years on the linear relationship between expected return and beta(Black‚ Jensen and Scholes 1972 and Fama and MacBeth 1973). Later studies however show weak empirical evidence on these relationships
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Department of Budget and Management Malacañang‚ Manila OPIF REFERENCE GUIDE Organizational Performance Indicator Framework A Guide to Results-Based Budgeting in the Philippines Manila‚ April 2012 This document was prepared with assistance from Delegation to the Philippines EUROPEAN UNION OPIF Reference Guide © 2012 by Department of Budget and Management All rights reserved. Any part of this book may be used and reproduced‚ provided proper acknowledgement is made. OPIF Reference
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