1. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of the speech‚ audio‚ image‚ and video compression methods‚ currently it is not a difficult task to spread digital multimedia over Internet. This makes the protections of digital intellectual property rights and content authentications have been a serious problem. Hence the technology of digital watermarking is received a large deal of attention. Generally‚ digital watermarking techniques are based on either spread spectrum methods or changing
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discrete-time Markov chain models‚ identify possible transitions between states‚ and calculate and interpret the probability of being in a particular state and transitioning between states. e) Apply to calculations involving these models appropriate approximation methods such as uniform distribution of deaths‚ constant force‚ Woolhouse‚ and Euler. 2. Topic: Present Value Random Variables (10-20%) Learning Objectives The Candidate will be able to perform calculations on the present value random variables
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Discrete wavelet transform 2 Others Other forms of discrete wavelet transform include the non- or undecimated wavelet transform (where downsampling is omitted)‚ the Newland transform (where an orthonormal basis of wavelets is formed from appropriately constructed top-hat filters in frequency space). Wavelet packet transforms are also related to the discrete wavelet transform. Complex wavelet transform is another form. Properties The Haar DWT illustrates the desirable properties of wavelets
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE Department of Mathematics 2014/2015 MA2213 Numerical Analysis I Semester II Homework Assignment 2 Due: 3 March 2015‚ 5pm 1. Find an approximation to the root of f (x) = tan(x/4) − 1 in the interval [3.14‚ 3.15]‚ with the relative error |pn − p|/|p| accurate to within 10−4 using the Bisection method. Tabulate all your workings as in the answer to tutorial 2 question 2. Present all values of an ‚ bn and pn in full precision‚ and values of f (pn ) and the relative
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Iterative method An iterative method is one that computes approximations in a progressive way of the solution of a mathematical problem. The same improvement process is repeated on the approximate solution until a solution closer to the real value is obtained. Differently than a direct method‚ which entails finishing the process to get an answer‚ on an iterative one the process can be stopped when an iteration is finished to get an approximation to the solution. Advantages and disadvantages The bad
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CHAPTER 3 Response surface methodology 3.1 Introduction Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building. By careful design of experiments‚ the objective is to optimize a response (output variable) which is influenced by several independent variables (input variables). An experiment is a series of tests‚ called runs‚ in which changes are made in the input variables in order to identify the reasons for changes in
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Abstract In this assignment‚ I have developed a CFD code to solve the wave equation numerically. I have applied the second-order upwind flux and two-stage Runge-Kutta time advance schemes to the wave equation to find the time and space discretization. First‚ this equation is solved numerically and compared to exact solution. In the next steps‚ the validation‚ stability and effects of changing boundary condition on our solution will be investigated. Finally‚ the results will be presented and
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Preprint‚ February 1‚ 2004 1 Computation of the Fractional Fourier Transform Adhemar Bultheel and H´ctor E. Mart´ e ınez Sulbaran 1 Dept. of Computer Science‚ Celestijnenlaan 200A‚ B-3001 Leuven Abstract In this note we make a critical comparison of some matlab programs for the digital computation of the fractional Fourier transform that are freely available and we describe our own implementation that filters the best out of the existing ones. Two types of transforms are considered: First
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Abstract A multiplier is one of the key hardware blocks in most digital and high performance systems such as FIR filters‚ digital signal processors and microprocessors etc. many researchers have tried and are trying to design multipliers which offer either of the following- high speed‚ low power consumption‚ less area‚ more accuracy or even combination of them in multiplier. However‚ in multiplier design for reducing time and power consumption there are many practical solutions‚ like truncated
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An approximation for this root is found using the iteration formula x n + 1 = 3 1 nx 1 2 + ‚ with 0 x = 1.5. (b) By calculating the values of x 1‚ x 2‚ x 3 and x 4‚ find an approximation to this root‚ giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (c) By considering the change of sign of f( x ) in a suitable interval‚ verify that your answer to part (b) is correct to 3 decimal places. Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed
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