and characterized by the use of three tests. The outcomes of these tests are as follows: Nitration test (negative)‚ Bromine test (positive) and Basic Oxidation test (positive). From these results the unknown sample can be classified as non-aromatic and unsaturated. INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes‚ and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively non-polarity‚ all hydrocarbons are insoluble in
Premium Hydrocarbon Benzene Carbon
Alkane‚ Alkene‚ Alkyne & Aromatic Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. Determine the IUPAC name‚ common name and structure of an alkanes‚ alkenes and cycloalkanes. Identify the physical properties of alkanes. Describe briefly natural sources and importance of alkanes Describe reactions of alkanes Propose a mechanism on free radicals substitution 4. 5. 6. Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes. 7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of alcohol 8. Define carbocation
Premium Hydrogen Benzene Methane
Recrystallization of Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate Santiago Horta‚ Daniella I School of Chemistry and Biochemistry‚ Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta‚ GA 30332 Submitted: 18 February 2015 In this experiment‚ the product of a nitration will be purified by recrystallization using a selected solvent. Methyl benzoate is treated with nitric acid and sulfuric acid to obtain methyl 3-benzoate‚ which will be mixed with a solvent that will dissolve the product at its boiling temperature but not at
Premium Chemistry Solid Water
Loreta Grazhees TA: Titas Friday 11:50 - 3:55 February 9‚ 2018 Nitration Of Toluene When reacting Toluene with (NO2+) the end goal is to generate an ortho-‚ para-‚ and/or meta-nitrotoluene. This lab will help guide you in the direction to predict the regioselectivity and activation vs. deactivating powers of the nitro-group. Gas Chromatography will be used to analyze compounds that can be vaporized without being decomposed. GC is also used to check the purity of a substance‚ and separating the
Premium Ammonia Chemistry Oxygen
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons Have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. Are alkenes with double bonds. Are alkynes with triple bonds. 1 Structure of Alkenes Alkenes (and alkynes) are unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkenes have one or more double bonds The two bonds in a double bond are different: - one bond is a sigma () bond; these are cylindrical in shape and are very strong - the other is a pi (π) bond; these involve sideways overlap of
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
Sarah Muhs ID: 11325862 Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Post Lab: 1. Is the ester group of your starting material electron donating or withdrawing? Support your conclusion with resonance drawings. The ester group‚ CO2CH3‚ of the starting material was electron withdrawing. 2. Draw the mechanism of the nitronium ion reaction with the methylbenzoate. 3. Why does water stop the reaction? Water stops the reaction because of Le Châtlier’s principle. Since water is a product‚ when more is added it drives
Premium Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Water
Arenes The aromatic hydrocarbons also have the name arenes. They contain in their molecule one or more cycles made up from 6 carbon atoms. When the molecule is formed out of a single cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are mono nucleuses; when the molecule contains more than one cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are poly nucleuses. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon‚ benzene‚ is compound out of just one such cycle; its formula is C6H6. The representation of benzene through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds
Premium Benzene Hydrogen
hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum. PETRA – ROCK‚ OLEUM – OIL. The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural gas. The main constituents of the natural gas are methane‚ ethane‚ propane and butane. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS: HYDROCARBON Acyclic or Aliphatic Carbocyclic or Cyclic ( Open chain) Alicyclic Aromatic Alkanes Alkenes Alkyne Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
Nitration of Naphthalene Wed 2/25/2015 Lab report # 1 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to nitrate naphthalene with nitronium ion‚ which is formed at low concentration from a reaction of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The percent yield from the experiment was 54.4% of the product‚ and the melting point of the possible results were 59 °C for 1-nitronaphthalene‚ and 78°C for 2-nitronaphthalene. Introduction: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene can be nitrated
Premium Nitric acid Chemistry Stoichiometry
Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Date of Completion: February 29‚ 2012 Date Report Submitted: March 14‚ 2012 Objective of Experiment: The purpose of this experiment is was to synthesize methyl 3-nitro benzoate from methyl benzoate through an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Chemical Equation: Materials: Name of Compound Molecular weight MP/BP Grams Used Moles Used Methyl benzoate 136.16 g/mol -12.5 OC /199.6 OC 0.28g 2.056*10-3 Sulfuric acid 63.01 g/mol 10 OC /337OC 0
Premium Chemistry Benzene Sulfuric acid