Chapter 32 – An Introduction to Animal Diversity All animals share a common ancestor‚ sponges are basal animals‚ eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues‚ most animal phyla belong to the clade bilateria‚ and vertebrates and some other phyla belong Animals share a unique homeobox-containing family of genes‚ known as the Hox genes‚ suggesting that this gene family evolved in the eukaryote lineage that gave rise to animals. Hox genes play important roles in the development of animal embryos
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chordates have gill slits at some point Gills: efficient gas exchange in water Many different types of gills external extensions of body surface dermal papulae: sea stars bracheal tufts: marine worms‚ aquatic amphibians internal gills- fishes‚ arthropods lots of vasculature- blood flow
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dollars per year‚ depending on whether low or high levels of transmission occur. (Gen Cons) DHF is a virus from the genius flavivirus. Flavivirus are viruses which are arthropod borne consisting of single stranded RNA genome surrounded by an icosahedral nucleocapsid and covered by a lipid envelope (Gen Cons). Being arthropod borne‚ it can be spread by an insect which is the vector. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) infection based off the virulence of deungue
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32.2.2 Segmentation allowed for redundant systems and improved locomotion Hox genes cause segmentation development 2 advantage of Hox genes Highly segmented animals‚ usually have nearly complete set of organs in theirs each segment of body. This result to less damage in their body‚ since other segment duplicate the damage segment functions Locomotion is more efficient‚ since partitions isolate the segment can contract and expand autonomously. 32.3. The Classification of Animals Animals divided
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5-10%. This is lower than most other commercial repellents but higher concentrations can cause skin sensitivity. However‚ there are relatively few studies that have been carried out to determine the efficacy of essential oils from citronella as arthropod repellents. Citronella-based repellents
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fructose O maltose starch glycogen cellulose chitin = = = = polymer of glucose polymer of α-glucose polymer of β-glucose polymer of glucosamine (glucose with an amino acid attached) chloroplast stroma muscle cells plant cell wall exoskelteton of arthropods O O O O cellulose Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Monosaccharides and disaccharides are sugars. They all have the basic formula (CH2O)n and can be classified according to how many carbon atoms they contain. 3C = triose sugars e.g. glyceraldehyde
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Causes and Spread of Infection 1.1/1.2 | Features | Illnesses Caused | Bacteria | Can be helpful‚ can be an aid in digestion‚ able to break down sewage‚ can be used in food (yoghurt)‚ affects odour‚ taste and texture. Needs nutrients‚ pH‚ time‚ temperature‚ +/- Oxygen and water activity to grow. | Lyme disease‚ Tuberculosis | Viruses | Exist only to replicate‚ need a host‚ infect all types of cells‚ found in soil‚ water and air. | Hepatitis A‚ Norovirus‚ Measles‚ Mumps | Parasites | Need
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1) How many food Chains are there in this food web? There are two food chains.(1 Mark) 2) Name a producer found in this food web? Microscopic plants(1 Mark) 3) Name two consumers found in this food web. Small fish and water boatman (2 Marks) 4) If the water boatmen all died‚ what would happen to the tadpoles in the short term? The tadpole population would overgrow and the perch would starve. (1 mark) 5) What would happen to the tadpoles in the long term ?(1Mark) Eventually all the microscopic
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Chapter 19: Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) The majority of organisms normal to the skin are: a) Gram-negative b) Gram-positive c) fungi d) viruses Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 19.1 Review the anatomy of the skin and mucus membranes with regards to microbial defenses. Section Reference 1: Section 19.1 The Skin‚ Mucus Membranes‚ and Eyes 2) Which of the following is not considered resident microflora of the skin?
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that is referred to as the mantle. This mantle encoloses the mantle cavity and usually contains gills and secretes the exoskeleton. The rasping organ is called a radula except in bivalves. There are 90‚000 species and Mollusca is second only to arthropods in the number of named species. The significant classes are: * Bivalvia/Pelycypoda – This class contains clams‚ mussels‚ and scallops * These are found in freshwater and marine habitats. They are sedentary filter feeders with a wedge-shaped
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