What are the steps of Lewin ’s three step model of organizational change? Kurt Lewin‚ a noted social psychologist‚ developed the three step model of organizational change. The three steps are Unfreezing‚ Changing‚ and Refreezing. Unfreezing involves melting resistance to change by dealing with people ’s fears and anxieties so they can be more open to the change. People are given new information that makes them aware that the status quo is unacceptable and that some type of change is required
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IBM: An industry example of a transition from product to service base 2.1 Brief history of IBM and story of its downward spiral IBM stands for “International Business Machine” and was incorporated in 1924 focusing on delivering ‘products’ in the form of punch tabulated machine until it became the biggest and most successful business PC and mainframe manufacturer in world circa 1980’s. At this time IBM stock price once shot up until USD43 per unit [1]. However by the end of 80’s‚ the software environment
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remarkable title “Up the Down Staircase” is one of the best novels of our time was written by Bel Kaufman‚ an American author. She worked as a teacher of the English language and literature in a New York high school for 15 years. “Up the Down Staircase” is her first semi-autobiographical novel about an idealistic young English teacher‚ who is really excited about her future work with children at school. But as it turns out‚ it’s not so easy to confront severe realities which do not coincide with
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Do rights come from God‚ nature‚ or humans? (Rawls) Problem the philosopher addresses: - Rawls faced a problem on how to stabilize the inverted pyramid in which the leaders are viewed as the servants of the people - Social contract tradition also faced difficulty with the identification of some people living in a state of nature and other people living in a state of civilization People living in a state of civilization regarded themselves
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the federal government in the hands of the business interests of the North and East. In the years that followed occurred the fundamental change from an agriculture/industry nation to a unified industrial nation. The political changes of the Civil War and Reconstruction were the violent manifestations of this profound change. Statistics of the nation’s economy provide ample evidence of the rapid growth of business and urban life. The Republican Party‚ the political instrument by which the machinery of
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The reason why people resist change. (1) Loss of status or job security in the organization. 失去现在的位置和工作的保障 It is not our nature to make changes that we view as harmful to our current situation. In an organizational setting‚ this means employees‚ peers‚ and managers will resist administrative and technological changes that result in their role being eliminated or reduced. From their perspective‚ your change is harmful to their place in the organization! Forcing the change has its place. This approach
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CHANGE MANAGEMENt REFERENCES: Organizational Behavior -Stephen P.Robbins Organizational Behavior -Shashi k. Gupta Rosy Joshi www.google.com www.wikipedia.com CHANGE MANAGEMENT =>what is organizational change? >What Is the Meaning of Organizational Change? Organizational change is about reviewing and modifying management structures
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Chapter 15: Leading Change Your Leadership Challenge After reading this chapter‚ you should be able to: • Recognize social and economic pressures for change in today’s organizations. • Implement the eight-stage model of planned change. • Use appreciative inquiry to engage people in creating change by focusing on the positive and learning from success. • Expand your own and others’ creativity and facilitate organizational innovation. • Use techniques of communication‚ training‚ and participation
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Chapter 3 - Why do people from other cultures conflict with each other? Different cultures around the world have opposing standards of what they consider to be right. This sometimes becomes a problem‚ when people from one culture meet with people from another; there is a chance that they may not agree on a subject. This does not result in a problem… most of the time. That Americans use feet and Europeans use meters is one of these things. They may be inconvenient‚ but won’t create a conflict. A
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One significant change from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment were the rise of philosophers and their ideas. During the Middle Ages‚ studies‚ science‚ and philosophy had dissipated in Western Europe ― due to reasons such as the fall of the Roman Empire‚ the Dark Ages‚ etc.―‚ leaving only the Byzantines to continue their studies in philosophy. Having more philosophers in the West during the Enlightenment demonstrates an important change from the Middle Ages‚ because‚ these philosophers were able
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