Weber destabilizes the relationship between base and superstructure that Marx had established. According to Weber‚ the concept of historical materialism is naïve and nonsense because superstructures are not mere reflections of the economic base. ("The Protestant Ethic" and "The Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5) Weber agrees that the economy is one of the most faithful forces in modern life. However there are other social and legal factors which exhibit power and thus influence society. These factors
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Renaissance What was one of the chief aims of Italian Renaissance art? Realistic portrayal of individual persons‚ especially the human nude What was considered to be most important in education of "Christian Ladies"? domesticity or asceticism What is a fresco? Method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster‚ usually on wall surfaces. What was the purpose of liberal education? Liberal studies were viewed as the key to freedom‚ which allowed humans to achieve their goals
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Daniel Defoe’s “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”‚ just as his second and no less of a name amongst classic novels - “Moll Flanders”‚ was mounted borderline between journalism and fiction‚ being based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk – a shipwrecked seaman. With his (Defoe’s) childhood marked by two amongst the most tragic of occurrences of the seventeenth century: a recurrence of the plague‚ which at the time took about 70‚000 lives‚ dubbed the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of
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“Greek civilization was the daughter f the east‚ and Roman civilization was the product of Greek education” (Turcan‚ 2). The Cults of the Roman Empire by Robert Turcan tells the history of the cults of ancient Rome‚ ho they came into being‚ why people worshiped within their constraints and how they eventually branched out into new cults with borrowed deities and rules worship. This particular study is important and relevant today because it is an example of how everything in history evolves from
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William Harness is a Professor of Theology at Creighton University in Omaha‚ Nebraska. Harmless exhibits the beginnings of monasticism in Egypt not only by the history of monasticism but through sample writings of the monks themselves. He lucidly portrays the history‚ politics‚ controversies‚ mores and the players involved in the background enmeshed with the formation of monasticism. Although‚ the author exhibits the false supernatural powers attributed to the monks but leaves little commentary
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Monastic Spirituality: Definition: the complex attitudes and practices that characterize the life of men and women living according to a monastic rule Characteristics: -asceticism -celibacy for the sake of the kingdom retirement from the world(funga mundi)-dualistic approach simple living-putting no the mind of Christ Aspects: Meditation on the scripture (lectio divine) Volunteer poverty (detachment) Community-common life Obedience to a spiritual guide (abbot‚ abbess)
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and Buddhism are no exceptions. Hindu followers have no doubt they go to moksha after they accomplish redemption‚ but Buddhists believe that the main goal is to achieve nirvana in the afterlife. A Hindu can conquer redemption by living a life of asceticism. After becoming a Sadhu‚ or holy man‚ and renouncing all material possessions they are able to be one with Brahma Nerguna. In order for a Buddhist to become one with the universe he or she must follow the Eight Fold Path. The Eight-Fold Path essentially
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Symbols The main emblem of the Jain religion was decided upon in 1974 on the 25000th anniversary of the nirvana of Mahavira‚ the last Jain Tirthankara. The emblem is a composition of many different symbols‚ all with specific meanings. The emblem’s outline represents the universe and can be divided into the three parts with the upper part representing Devlok‚ the heavens‚ the middle part representing Manushyalok‚ the Earth and planets‚ and the lower part representing Naraki‚ the seven hells. The curved
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and family and a cloistered life of luxury and set out to find answers to his questions using the traditional Hindu methods of self-denial and meditation. His quest lasted six years and involved philosophic meditation and the most extreme forms of asceticism‚ or bodily self denial. Then‚ while seated under a sacred fig tree‚ he had a moment of illumination in which he understood the reasons behind human suffering and a means to overcome them. At this moment‚ he became Buddha‚ or "the Enlightened One
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Buddhism‚ Jainism‚ and Hinduism were all major religions in the Indian empires. People just sought a way of living‚ a guide through life that suited them best. New religions and philosophies appealed to the interest of the new social classes. All of these were very influential in day to day life and shaped the way of thinking and ruling of the empires of their times. Jainism was among the most influential of the new religions. This religion only became popular‚ when Vardhamana Mahavira turned to
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