economic and environmental analysis. Results show that the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane leads to better economic results when compared with the stand-alone plant‚ especially when advanced hydrolysis technologies and pentoses fermentation are included. 1. Introduction Increasing concerns about climate change and energy security have motivated the search for alternative forms of energy (Karuppiah et al.‚ 2008). Since the transportation sector is responsible
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Chapter 7. Organizational Structure and Change Figure 7.1. The structures of organizations vary and influence the ease or challenge of organizational performance and change. W H A T ’ S I N I T F O R M E ? Reading this chapter will help you do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Define organizational structure and its basic elements. Describe matrix‚ boundaryless‚ and learning organizations. Describe why and how organizations change. Understand reasons why people resist change‚ and strategies
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foreign exchange exposures due to fluctuations in the values of currencies; to manage this problem it has adopted a passive hedging policy and aims to reduce the impact of foreign exchange exposures on the business. The first part of this report outlines the various types of foreign exchange exposures that GM can subject itself to and also outlines what methods can be used to reduce the risk associated with changes in the value of currencies; the policies adopted by GM are then outlined and the strategic
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defined generally as foreign exchange transactions conducted by the monetary authorities with the aim of influencing exchange rates. It is the process by which the monetary authorities attempt to influence market conditions and/or the value of the home currency on the foreign exchange market. Intervention usually aims to promote stability by countering disorderly markets‚ or in response to special circumstances. In Japan‚ the Minister of Finance is legally authorized to conduct intervention as a means to
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ASIAN CURRENCY VS. EUROPEAN CURRENCY : EXCHANGE RATE AND INTEGRATION MONETARY EPPM 4433: International Finance Semester 1 Session 2014/2015 Name ID email NUR SYAZANA BINTI NORDIN A139735 syazananordin@gmail.com MUHAMMAD ARIF HAFIZI B. SHAMSUDDIN A139742 arifhafizi8@gmail.com NOR FADHILAH BINTI NORIZAN A139997 missydilla@yahoo.com MOHD HAIL GAFUR B. RUHMAD A140113 mohdhailgafur@gmail.com Instructor : Dr. Noor Azryani Auzairy School of Management Faculty of Economics & Management 1
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5 Hedging Interest-Rate Risk with Duration Before implementing any kind of hedging method against the interest-rate risk‚ we need to understand how bond prices change‚ given a change in interest rates. This is critical to successful bond management. 5.1 Basics of Interest-Rate Risk: Qualitative Insights The basics of bond price movements as a result of interest-rate changes are perhaps best summarized by the five theorems on the relationship between bond prices and yields. As an illustration
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flows that could be expected from each hedging technique before determining which technique to apply. A futures hedge involves the use of currency futures. To hedge future payables‚ the firm may purchase a currency futures contract for the currency that it will be required. A forward hedge differs from a futures hedge in that forward contracts are used instead of futures contract to lock in the future exchange rate at which the firm will buy or sell a currency .An exposure to exchange rate movements
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107-051-1 MITSURU MISAWA OSG CORPORATION: HEDGING TRANSACTION EXPOSURE On Monday‚ April 24th 2006‚ the US dollar fell to a new three-month low against the yen of ¥114.30/$ in Tokyo’s foreign exchange market‚ the lowest rate since January 16th 2006. This was a reflection of trading in New York three days earlier‚ on Friday‚ where the dollar had fallen more than 1.75% against the yen. The depreciation of the dollar against the yen was a direct result of a meeting of the G7 in Washington D.C. on April
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Introduction Currency Futures Defined Currency Futures are standardised foreign exchange derivative contracts on a recognised stock exchange to buy or sell a standard quantity of one currency against another on a specified future date at a specified price. It allows clients to take a view on the movement of the exchange rate as well as hedge against currency risk. Clients can use Currency Futures as a trading‚ investing and hedging tool.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has permitted the recognized
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WEB ACCESSIBILITY Recommendations for the Aspen Falls Website By Deborah Davidson September 21‚ 2014 The city of Aspen Falls asked the author to review its website and make recommendations for making it more accessible to those with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act recognizes a broad array of people with disabilities and provides standards for creating web sites that are accessible to them. In California‚ 10% of the population reports some type of disability. In ages 65 or
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