Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Pathogenicity: • Virulence: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Figure 15.9 Portals of Entry • Mucous membranes • Skin • Parenteral route Numbers of Invading Microbes • ID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of pathogen that will infect half of the test animals • LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of toxin that will kill half of the test
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almost 100 years of English hegemony in the area that formally began in 1885 when Great Britain’s claims to a West African sphere of influence was granted by the other European powers. In 1886 Britain chartered the Royal Niger Company a mercantile company set up to trade in the Niger River basin. The company eventually merged with the Northern Nigeria Protectorate a company that had been set up for the same purposes in the area now known as Northern Nigeria; the merger of these two companies formed
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primarily from Persia. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo-European family of languages‚ being closely related to Hindi but containing many Arabic and Persian loan words 8. Junks- Chinese Ships that can contain up to 40 tons Places: 9. Niger River - the principal river of western Africa‚ extending about 4‚180 km 10. Indus River - is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through western Tibet (in China) and Northern India. 11. The Ganges - a trans-boundary
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ABSTRACT African Renaissance is synonymous to Afrocentism and Pan-Africanism‚they all share a common goal. All these terminologies have being a common currency in African for some time now. Though promoted by past leaders‚ but it became pronounced and made popular by Thabo Mbeki. This paper gives the root meaning of the concept of African Renaissance as it also exposes the ills caused by colonialism. This paper goes further to expose diverse heroes who stood for the freedom of the African continent
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1. Populations in Transition 1.1 – Population Change Explain population trends and patterns in births and fertility in contrasting regions of the world Crude Birth Rate (CBR)= total number of births The CBR does not take into account the age and sex structure of a population. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)= Average number of children born to a women in her lifetime Case Studies: Higher fertility in LEDC’s‚ resulting in youthful populations [2nd and 3rd stage of demographic transition model] ie. Early
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Mali We have chosen Mali has a country it is located in Africa next to Niger and under Argelia. We used many research sites including‚ Maps‚ Geography‚ Culture‚ and history Etc... We chose this country because it seemed interesting to see the entire unique things abo this country. Mali has different holidays‚ traditions‚ and clothing type. We will be listing some features of this country. The Manlike Empire ruled regions of Mali from the 12th to 16th century. Caravan routes have passed through
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in on April 20‚ 2010 resulting after a drilling rig located in the Gulf of Mexico experienced an explosion. The event caused the death of eleven workers and around 4.9 million barrels of crude oil to be sent into the Gulf of Mexico (Wilson 2014). Niger Delta‚ Nigeria experiences approximately “240‚000 barrels of crude oil” being poured into it every year (Ordinioha and Brisibe 2013). This has caused major health complications to those
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HYDROXYLATION OF PROGESTERONE BY Bacillus circulans Strain Tex 01-S3c ISOLATED FROM OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL IN OMERGA REGION‚ MAHARASHTRA‚ INDIA S. B. MALI & V.S. HAMDE Dept. of Microbiology‚ Adarsh College‚ Omerga Dist. Osmanabad‚ 413606 malisiromerga@yahoo.com and Dept. of microbiology‚ Yogeshwari College‚ ambajogai‚ Dist. Beed. Maharashtra‚ India Abstract Hydroxylations are possibly the most widespread type of steroid bioconversion. Hydroxylations can be used to buildintermediates
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Milk is a great blessing of nature. It is a complete food from the few months baby to the elder person. It provides the entire elements needed by a body for its development and growth such as protein‚ water‚ carbohydrates‚ minerals‚ fat and vitamins. It not only provides power but also enhances immunity to fight against many different types of pathogens. It is necessary for the growth of bones and for the blood clotting. It fulfills body’s calcium requirement. 100g of cow’s milk contains 3.9g fat
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area so it is easier to transport goods‚ this brings wealth to the local area and benefits local people. However TNCs can often cause major environmental degradation which mainly impacts the poorest people like for example the Ogoni people of the Niger delta have received no benefits from oil being extracted from their lands‚ while suffering considerable environment damage. TNCs provide jobs for people in LDCs‚ workers are usually paid up to 100% more than the local rates. This reduces unemployment
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