the mortality rate is 35% to 40% and the cause of death is frequently due to nonrespiratory problems. ETIOLOGY The most common clinical problems associated with the onset of ALI and ARDS are sepsis‚ severe trauma‚ multiple transfusions‚ aspiration‚ severe pneumonia‚ and smoke inhalation. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ARDS affects lung mechanics‚ gas exchange‚ and the pulmonary vasculature of both lungs. Although both lungs are affected‚ the degree of lung involvement varies throughout each lung. Alveolar flooding
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CASE STUDY A 49years old white male present to the emergency room complained of choking while eating dinner at the nursing home he resides. He has a significant past medical history of traumatic brain injury‚ Asthma‚ Pneumonia‚ seizure disorder and Spasm quadriparesis. Patient denies shortness of breath‚ chest pain and fever‚ family history is noncontributory. On Physical examination patient is well nourished‚ no signs of distress‚ alert and awake and the vital signs reveal * Blood pressure
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BENEATHA (Dropping to her knees) Well – I do – all right? – thank everybody! And forgive me for ever wanting to be anything at all! (Pursuing him on her knees across the floor) FORGIVE ME‚ FORGIVE ME‚ FORGIVE ME! (1.1.123) | Beneatha sarcastically apologizes for having dreams. To Walter‚ her dream seems kind of far-fetched. However‚ Beneatha is determined and she stands up to her brother for her right to want to become a doctor. Quote #2RUTH Mama‚ something is happening between Walter and me
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life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and into the blood. ARDS can be caused by any major injury to the lung. Some common causes of ARDS are breathing vomit into the lungs (aspiration)‚ inhaling chemicals‚ lung transplant‚ pneumonia‚ septic shock (infection throughout the body) and trauma. ARDS leads to a buildup of fluid in the air sacs. This fluid prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream. The fluid buildup also makes the lungs heavy
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November 2009‚ Vol. 25‚ No. 2 SAJCC ARTICLE 44 Prevention and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia – the Care Bundle approach Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care‚ Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town R Gillespie‚ MSc (Nursing) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)‚ defined as pneumonia occurring >48 - 72 hours after endotracheal intubation‚ is the most common and fatal nosocomial infection of intensive care. Risk factors include both impaired
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Chapter 21: Diseases of the Respiratory System Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) The upper respiratory tract consists of the: a) pharynx b) nasal cavity c) primary bronchi d) two of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 21.1 Review the anatomy of the upper and lower respiratory tract as it pertains to microbial defenses. Section Reference 1: Section 21.1 Components of the Respiratory System 2) Middle ear infections are common in children because _____. a) they
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acquired (nosocomial) and community acquired pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonia is acquired during a hospital stay. It happens when a patient is admitted into the hospital with a medical diagnosis that they are hoping to be treated for and contract the infection of pneumonia through the spread of germs. “Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) clinically presents more than seven days after hospitalization with new fever‚ pulmonary infiltrates‚ and leukocytosis. Nosocomial pneumonia is a common nosocomial bacterial infection
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Aging is something that continuously happens throughout life‚ which produces a lot of changes throughout the body. With that being said‚ many changes throughout the body affect the respiratory system. As individuals age‚ bones of the body become thin‚ weak‚ and change shape. The ribcage is affected by this change and can alter a person’s breathing as it becomes unable to expand and contract the way it used to. Muscles in the body also become weak. If the muscle that supports breathing‚ called the
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Care Supportive i.e. fluids‚ rest‚ cough suppressants‚ bronchodilators‚ inhaled corticosteroids Pneumonia • Acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma Types of Pneumonia • Community Acquired (CAP) – Before hospitalization • Medical Care-Associated (MCAP) – Encompasses 3 forms (HAP‚ VAP‚ & HCAP) • Hospital Acquired (HAP) – Within 48 hrs or longer after admission • Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) – 48-72 hours after intubation • Health Care-Associated (HCAP) – In hospital for 2 days/longer
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Analytic and Continental Philosophy of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Hospital acquired infections (HAI) have become a major problem for patients’ outcomes and hospitals due to increase costs. The advancement made in medicine‚ technology‚ and general knowledge has increased the life expectancy. With this increase‚ patients are however sicker and have multiple comorbidities that make their care increasingly complex. Barrett‚ Smith‚ Elixhauser‚ Honigman‚ and Pines (2014) researched the utilization
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