optical fiber communication 23 7.1 Advantage of optical fiber communication 26 8.0 Dispersion 28 8.1 | Material | 29 | 8.2 | Mode | 29 | 8.3 | Waveguide | 29 | 9.0 Attenuation 30 9.1 Absorption loss 31 9.2 Light Scattering 32 9.3 Bending loss 33 10.0 Fiber 34 10.1 Multi Mode 34 10.2 Single Index 35 11.0 Optical Resources 36 11.1 LED 36 11.2 LASER 38 12.0 Optical Detectors 41 12.1 Photo Detectors 41 12.2 Photo Diodes 42 13.0 Limitations of Optical Fiber Technology
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The First laser was developed in the 1970’s. A laser beam is generated in a glass tube with one side having perfect mirror and and the other having semi reflecting mirror. One of the mirrors is full reflective‚ and the other reflective 70% . The laser gas can be a mixture of He‚ CO2 and N2. This mixture of
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__parallel_____ (Fig 1e). [pic] Fig 1e 2. Light rays and beams Objects that can give out light by themselves are called _luminous____ objects‚ for example‚ candles‚ the sun and light bulbs. Objects do not give out light by themselves are called __non-luminous_______ objects. Light consists of narrow rays travelling in __straight________ lines. A light beam is a stream of light. Figure 1f shows three kinds of light beams. |[pic]
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the added strength‚ truss also do this without much additional weight. These concepts combined allow for trusses to be a very efficient way of adding strength. A cantilevered beam is what of which is supported on one end (usually a fixed support) and end is left hanging on the other end (Hibbeler‚ 2014). Cantilevered beams are able to support a load on the free-end. Cantilever trusses are popular in bridge and building architecture and possess many different uses. A cantilever truss with only a fixed
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used to determine minimum thickness of various twoway slabs based on deflection: Minimum Suggested Thickness “h” for Two-Way Slabs Two-Way Slab System: Minimum Thickness h: Flat plate Ln/30 Flat plate with spandrel beams Ln/33 Flat slab Ln/33 Flat slab with spandrel beams Ln/36 Two-way beam-supported slab Ln/33 Ln = clear distance in long direction Flat Plates Flat plates are the most common type of two-way slab system. It is commonly used in multi-story construction such as hotels‚ hospitals‚ offices
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total at least one question from each section. SECTION A Strain Energy & Impact Loading: Definitions‚ expressions for strain energy stored in a body when load is applied (i) gradually‚ (ii) suddenly and (iii) with impact‚ strain energy of beams in bending‚ beam deflections‚ strain energy of shafts in twisting‚ energy methods in determining spring deflection‚ Castigliano’s & Maxwell’s theorems‚
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Aircraft structures Abstract: The aircraft structure is an important part where the structure of an aircraft depends on the optimum requirement of the customer and the environments in which it will be going to fly for the major time. It has to go several checks at regular interval of flying hours under proper inspection. This paper contains the basic information regarding the components of an aircraft and the basic concept of its design. The main criteria of design and its philosophy is the
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Jigs r provided with tool guiding elements such as drill bushes.These direct the tool to the correct position on the w/p. Jigs are rarely clamped on the m/c table bcz it is necessary to move the jig on the table to align the various bushes in the jig with the m/c spindle. Fixture hold the w/p securely in the correct position with respect to the m/c during operation. There is sometimes a provision in the fixture for setting the tool with respect to the w/p‚ but the tool is not guided as in a jig
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Home - Education Resources - NDT Course Material - Radiography - Introduction to Radiographic Testing Introduction History Present State Future Direction References Physics of Radiography Nature of RT Inverse Square Law Decay Rate -Carbon 14 Dating Interaction of RT/Matter Compton Scattering - Klein-Nishina Formula Absorption Geometry/X-ray Res Filters in Radiography Scatter/Radiation Control Radiation Safety Equipment & Materials X-ray Sources Radio Isotope Sources
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Recommendations 17 References 17 Figures Me and Mrs FlitzPatrick’s bridge Tables Weight | Description | 1.5 | Perfect | 2.5 | Perfect | 3.5 | Perfect | 4.5 | Starting to bend in the middle | 5.5 | Keeps on bending | 6 | Brakes in its middle | Nomenclature Introduction In this report there deals with the problems that bridges have been constructed in the last 3000 years to deal with problems that they have in counted as well as what they have done to
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