PRICING METHODOLOGY Pricing methods adopted by an organization determines the values attached to its products. Pricing determinant can be Internal or External. An Internal pricing determinant is one that is controlled by the marketer while the external is not controllable by the marketer. We shall be considering the following types of pricing models: PRICE DISCRIMINATION: Price discrimination is the practice of setting a different price for the same product in different segments to the market.
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in this case to structure the valuation of sequel options to tailor it for the Black-Scholes approach‚ to valuing Call options on a Stock with a traded market value process? In particular‚ what numbers should be assigned to: • • • • The “primitive asset value” underlying sequel value (on average)‚ for a “representative” (scale adjusted) film; The exercise price for a sequel option to be executed; The relevant time horizon (maturity) of sequel options; The variance rate of the underlying asset values/returns
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European call option with strike price of K and maturity T and buys a put with the same strike price and maturity. Describe the investor’s position. The payoff to the investor is - max (ST - K ‚ 0) + max(K - ST‚ 0) This is K- ST in all circumstances. The investor’s position is the same as a short position in a forward contract with delivery price K. 8 .4.)Explain why brokers require margins when clients write options but not when they buy options? When an investor buys an option‚ cash must
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MKT 382 PRICING/CHANNELS FALL‚ 2011 Course Unique # 05135 (9:30 a.m.) Professor Kate Mackie‚ Ph.D. Office CBA 5.176 M (behind Executive Education‚ past Communications Office) Office Hours Tuesdays/Thursdays‚ 1:00-2:30‚ and by appointment Phone 512-288-3115 (Cell phone – feel free to call any day before 9 p.m.) E-Mail Kate.Mackie@mccombs.utexas.edu Skype katemackietx Course Web Page via Blackboard Teaching Assistants Dave Isquick (David.Isquick@mba12.mccombs.utexas.edu )
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Real Option Memo To: Dave Jacobs From: James Jones Date: November 26‚ 2012 Re: College Education Intro and type of flexibility with this option The option I’m going to discuss in this memo is whether I should continue on with my college career year after year‚ or just to abandon receiving a higher education and make my part time job a full time job. From the 7S framework‚ my real option would be the Disinvest/Shrink then the scope down option (abandon). Sources of uncertainty There
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STOCK OPTIONS - AN EFFECTIVE COMPENSATION METHOD Stock Options have become the greatest form of remuneration for big names in organizations across the United States (Hall‚ 2000). The senior executives‚ who are given this option‚ can buy shares of the company at what Hall (2000) describes as the “exercise price”. They could be given “at the money”‚ “out of the money” or “in the money” price (Hall‚ 2000). Stock Options are helpful in motivating the holders to perform for the benefit of the company
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Walking Through Some Examples of Futures and Options Contracts – Speculation and Hedging As Dr. Cogley said in class the other day‚ sometimes futures contracts and options are hard to wrap your head around until you see them a few times. So I’ve written up some examples similar to those Dr. Cogley did in lecture‚ with a little more explanation about how we get the results that we do. But before we jump into that‚ we need to revisit our terms. 1. Forward contract: A buyer and a seller agree to a specific
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Virgin Atlantic‚ which had developed to be a major force in the international airline business. Virgin Atlantic Airways has become Britain’s second largest airline serving the world’s major cities. On 20 December 1999 Richard Branson signed an agreement to sell a 49% stake of Virgin Atlantic to Singapore Airlines to form a unique global partnership. The cost of the transaction to Singapore Airlines was £600.25 million‚ which included a capital injection of £49 million and valued Virgin Atlantic at a
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http://www.bized.ac.uk Pricing Strategies Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Pricing Strategies Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Penetration Pricing Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Penetration Pricing • Price set to ‘penetrate the market’ • ‘Low’ price to secure high volumes • Typical in mass market products – chocolate bars‚ food stuffs‚ household goods‚ etc. • Suitable for products with long anticipated life cycles
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Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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