• Where R (Gas constant) is different constant for each particular gas gas. • The value for R for a number of substance is given in Table A 5 A.5 Ideal Gas Equation of State • Because of being simple simple‚ ideal gas equation is used in thermodynamic calculations‚ wherever possible. • It is applicable to actual gases at low density. • At low pressure and high temperature‚ the density of gas d d it f decreases and gas b h d behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions Non-Ideal or Real
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Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions The release of energy in chemical reactions occurs when the reactants have higher chemical energy than the products. The chemical energy in a substance is a type of potential energy stored within the substance. This stored chemical potential energy is the heat content or enthalpy of the substance. The collection of substances that is involved in a chemical reaction is referred to as a system and anything else around it is called the surroundings. If the enthalpy
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distribution is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution. Jump Start 1. What is kinetic energy? Kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. 2. What is thermal energy? Part of the total‚ internal energy of thermodynamic system. 3. What happens to a gas’s thermal energy as that gas’s temperature increases? Thermal energy increases. 4. What happens to the average speeds of the particles in a gas when one increases that gas’s temperature? Speed increases
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Experiment 10: How much CO2? Introduction The goal of this lab was to determine the amount of grams of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) required to produce enough CO2 gas to completely fill the lab and also how many Alka-Seltzer tablets that would equate to. This was done by collecting CO2 gas by inverting a buret and submerging it under water in order to calculate the volume of CO2 released from a fragment of Alka-Seltzer tablet. The main component of Alka-Seltzer is sodium bicarbonate‚ used to neutralize
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HEAT 4.1 UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM 1. Define: The measure of the degree of hotness of an object. (a) Temperature Measured in SI unit Kelvin‚ K A hot object is at a higher temperature than a cold object. Form of energy‚ measured in Joules‚ J (b) Heat Heat is transferred from hotter object (higher temperature) to colder object (lower temperature) When an object is heated‚ it will absorb heat energy and the temperature will increase. When an object is cooled‚ it will release heat energy and
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ETME 3252 ‚ Fall 2004 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Laboratory Manual – 11th edition Edited by: Professor Ed Braun Department of Engineering Technology Copyright ©2004. Material in this document is for your educational use only. This document contains copyrighted and other proprietary information. You may not in any way make commercial or other unauthorized use‚ by publication‚ re-transmission‚ distribution‚ caching‚ or otherwise‚ of this material‚ except as permitted by the Copyright
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As the temperature of water increases‚ the particles of solid Potassium chloride‚ KCl‚ which are absorbing energy from its surrounding‚ start moving more easily between the solution and its solid state because. According to the second law of thermodynamics‚ the particles will shift to the more disordered‚ more highly dispersed solution state. I predict that as the temperature of a KCl and water mixture increases‚ then the solubility of the KCl will also increase. Variables Dependant variable
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a particle with radius smaller than 125 µm and is divided into 25 different size bins. During measurements‚ deposition fluxes and ash concentrations are provided daily at 1° x 1° horizontal resolution and 20 km vertical columns divided into 38 atmospheric layers1. For a full time series of SO2 emissions‚
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I heated the boiler with all taps close and took readings of temperature for the selected pressure as it boils. * I turned off the gas once it got to 8 bars then took readings of temperature for selected pressures as it cools. * I read atmospheric pressure from laboratory barometer. NB: At saturation‚ the pressure and temperature are uniquely related to each other; they are called the saturation pressure Ps and saturation temperature Ts and the relationship is called the saturation
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Experiment 1: Basic Laboratory Techniques Briana S. Golar Laboratory Partners: Dayreal Brown Valerie Marcellus Andrew Thompson January 16‚ 2013 Conclusion Introduction: The intent of the experiment is to sucessfully understand that chemistry is an experimental science which is dependent upon certain observation and the use of good laboratory techniques. The experimenter should become familiar with basic operations necessary
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