Discuss your physics questions online at www.physics4spm.com 3 FORCES AND PRESSURE 3.1 UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE Pressure is force per unit area Pressure = Force Area P= F A 1. Define Pressure 2. State pressure’s formula 3. State relationship between pressure and area. 4. Describe applications involving High Pressure Increasing the pressure by reducing the area A sharp knife has a very The studs on a football small surface area on its boot have only a small cutting edge so that high area of contact
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(b) the quality of the saturated mixture‚ and (c) the density of the mixture. 3 2. A piston–cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant-134a at 10°C. The piston that is free to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The local atmospheric pressure is 88 kPa. Now‚ heat is transferred to refrigerant-134a until the temperature is 15°C. Determine (a) the final pressure‚ (b) the change in the volume of the cylinder‚ and (c) the change in the enthalpy of the refrigerant-134a. 3. Determine
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SOLTEQ® Equipment for Engineering Education & Research MARCET BOILER MODEL: HE 169 T his Marcet Boiler (Model: HE 169) is a benchtop unit designed to demonstrate the thermodynamic basic principal of boiling phenomenon. Students will be able to study the fundamental pressure-temperature relationship of saturated steam in equilibrium with water. DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS The unit consists of a stainless steel pressure vessel fitted with a high pressure immersion electrical
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nductioIn heat transfer‚ conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of heat energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a body due to a temperature gradient. The microscopically diffusing and colliding objects include molecules‚ electrons‚ atoms‚ and phonons. They transfer microscopically disorganized kinetic and potential energy‚ which are jointly known as internal energy. Conduction takes place in all forms of ponderable matter‚ such as solids‚ liquids
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THERMODYNAMICS 2 (BDA 30403) SEMESTER 1 2013/2014 GROUP PROJECT PROJECT TITLE: Power Plant Synopsis A power plant is a facility for the generation of electric power. Power plant is also used to refer to the engine in ships‚ aircraft and other large vehicles. Some prefer to use the term energy centre because it more accurately describes what the plants do‚ which is the conversion of other forms of energy‚ like chemical energy‚ gravitational potential energy or heat energy into electrical
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can also be represented in a P-H diagram. Figure 5: P-H diagram representation of a dry refrigeration cycle Refrigerant fluid choice: We now turn our attention to the fluids. Usually‚ one tends to pick pL as low as possible‚ but not below atmospheric pressure. Thus‚ the refrigerant chosen needs to have a normal boiling point compatible with the lowest temperature of the cycle (usually 10oC lower than the system one wants to cool). The higher pressure needs to be compatible with the cooling
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sulphate solution‚ giving full practical details. Aim To determine the enthalpy change for the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate. Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) Introduction In the study of energy (thermodynamics) the system refers to the reacting chemicals (zinc and copper sulphate solution) and the surroundings is everything else (atmosphere‚ container‚ temperature probe). By adding an excess of zinc powder to a measured amount of aqueous copper sulphate
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Introduction The ability to identify metals is an extremely important one. With this ability‚ we can correctly assign different traits‚ and use the metal in its most suitable environment. This is important to many industries‚ where metals play an increasingly large role. Determining the identity of the metal is paramount to determining what conditions to use the metal under. This seemly simple task is‚ however‚ can be quite complex‚ as there are many ways by which one can identify a metal
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occurs so that the body and the surroundings reach the same temperature at thermal equilibrium. Such spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of lower temperature‚ as required by the second law of thermodynamics. In engineering‚ energy transfer by heat between objects is classified as occurring by heat conduction‚ also called diffusion‚ of two objects in contact; fluid convection‚ which is the mixing of hot and cold fluid regions; or thermal radiation
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A barometer is a widely used weather instrument that measures atmospheric pressure (also known as air pressure or barometric pressure) - the weight of the air in the atmosphere A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. It can measure the pressure exerted by the atmosphere by using water‚ air‚ or mercury. From the variation of air pressure‚ one can forecast short-term changes in the weather. There are two main types of barometers – Mercury Barometers newer digital friendly
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