secure base (Passer & Smith 2013‚ p. 432). Thirdly‚ an ambivalent/resistant attachment is when a child displays extreme distress when separated from the primary caregiver‚ however the child also seeks and rejects contact (Passer & Smith 2013‚ p. 432). This is due the caregiver not encouraging their child to explore‚ so the child remains emotionally dependent‚ but reluctant to explore. Lastly‚ an insecure/disorganised attachment is seen through the child having no strategy for handling distress (Passer
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Kirkpatrick’s essay on the attachment theory‚ it is justified to why Freud’s analysis is the best explanation for Christoph Haizmann’s decision to sell his soul to the Devil. The attachment theory is an evolutionary situated system which is deeply important for survival of human beings (Kirkpatrick 1999‚ 803). Kirkpatrick (1999) finds that the
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Ivan Pavlov is a Russian scientist‚ who discovered the classical conditioning theory that involves leaning a new behaviour by association. In his research‚ he linked two stimuli to produce new learned response in animals. To demonstrate this‚ Ivan Pavlov conducted a study by ringing a bell before the dogs were fed. He made it a routine until the dogs were conditioned to the idea that ringing a bell was associated with food. The action of ringing a bell only made the dog to salivate which is a conditioned
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EXAMINE ATTACHMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND its ROLE IN THE SUBSEQUENT FORMATION OF RELATIONSHIPS An attachment is a two-way emotional bond in which people depend on each other for their sense of security. Although we forma attachments through out our lives‚ psychologists are particualry interested in the attachments formed between a child and his/her primary caregiver.1 This essay will examine the role of attachment in childhood and it’s subsequent formation of relationships. Most babies
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Evolutionary Theory of Attachment The evolutionary explanation of attachments was first developed by Bowlby. He said that an attachment is biological and crucial for survival as it ensures the infant is cared for due to the reciprocal nature of attachment. Bowlby also said that both infants and carers are innately programmed with the ability to make attachments and that Bowlby believes in monotropy‚ the belief that a child can only create an attachment with one primary caregiver only and this
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formulated a great debate about whether there is a right or wrong way for a parent to raise their child (Taylor et al.‚ 2000) . Within developmental psychology‚ there are various theories and explanations which explore this question‚ this essay will be focusing upon Bronfenbrenner’s’ Ecological model and the Attachment theory‚ it will also look at the approaches of culture‚ feminism and social class. To begin with‚ Bronfenbrenner believed that
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Before Bowlby and Ainsworth came forth with attachment theory‚ the role parental attentiveness played in the cognitive and psychological development of the child was widely understated. Although similar theorists such as Piaget‚ Erickson‚ Freud‚ Kohlberg and Braufenbreener all vied for secured interactions between mothers and infants‚ their comments appeared to be understated in light of the developmental theories (Crain‚ 2010). As such‚ the theory positions itself as an incredible strength. When
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most significant influencers in learning social behaviours and aiding the formation of strong attachments‚ and therefore successful emotional and behavioural development in children. The role and importance each parent plays in childhood development has led to profound debate in psychological research. It is argued that the primary caregiver – the mother – is most significant in influencing strong attachments and a healthy emotional and behavioural development in their children. Alternatively‚ additional
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child’s early life and can sometimes have long term effects. There are many studies that have been carried out that support the theory that a parents role and parenting style can effect a child’s social development; Bowlby’s (1969) attachment theory‚ Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation procedure and Murray’s (1992) theory on maternal responsiveness play a crucial part in this theory. British philosopher John Locke stated that all children were born as ‘empty vessels’. These ‘empty vessels’ acquire knowledge
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paper focused on attachment theory and the impact of close relationships on psychological development. • Children vary considerably by which attachment security remains individually consistent over time – studies have found both change and consistency in attachment classification. Theorists have agreed that early attachment experiences are important‚ yet they can be transformed by later experiences. • The reasons as to WHY there are individual continuity or change of attachment relationships are
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