A professional judgment is a key factor in auditing. As a result of development of auditing and accounting industry‚ especially after a series of accounting fraud and auditing failure cases‚ such as Enron and Arthur Andersen‚ in the last decade‚ professional judgments is becoming a more and more important aspect for the independent auditing industry. Recently‚ many countries and professional bad issued more strict auditing standards to emphasize to this point. It means the auditor should be required
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AUDITING IN A CIS ENVORONMENT With the introduction of computers‚ conventional accounting systems and methods using papers‚ pens and abacuses have undergone drastic changes‚ therefore exerting a great impact on internal control and audit trails in following audit procedures. Also‚ the introduction of computer has brought an immense increase in the availability of electronic resources. My topic is entitled auditing in a Computerized Information System (CIS). One purpose why this topic is included
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of Auditing Learning Objectives After the lecture‚ students should be able to: describe the nature‚ purpose and scope of an audit; describe various basic principles and concepts of auditing and explain their importance in the actual audit procedures; and describe the professional framework within which auditors must operate. 1. Accounting vs. Auditing Accounting - the process of recording‚ classifying‚ summarizing and communicating information about an organization’s business activities
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Describe the differences between statistical and non-statistical sampling in terms of (1) the sample selection methods used‚ and (2) quantification of sampling risk. Ans: Nonstatistical sampling differs from statistical sampling in that non-probabilistic sampling can be used for the former but not the latter. In addition‚ sampling risk can be quantified when using statistical sampling but not when using nonstatistical sampling. 2. Directed sample selection is the selection of each item in
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Chapter 1 - Multiple Choice Questions 1. Why do auditors generally use a sampling approach to evidence gathering? A. Auditors are experts and do not need to look at much to know whether the financial statements are correct or not. B. Auditors must balance the cost of the audit with the need for precision. C. Auditors must limit their exposure to their client to maintain independence. D. The auditor’s relationship with the client is generally adversarial‚ so the auditor will not have access
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Windows server 2008 comes in different versions for the different users‚ not all users need all the same features. The versions are web edition‚ standard edition‚ enterprise edition‚ and datacenter edition. The significance of them are WE 1 OS Is permitted‚ 32-bit 4GB 64-bit 32GB‚ maximum number of CPUs 4. SE hyper-V included‚ plus 1 virtual instance‚ terminal server ‚network access protection‚ and CALs. EE plus 4 virtual instance‚ 32-bit 32GB 64-bit 2TB‚ CPUs 8‚ cluster service yes 16 nodes per
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POLITICAL RISK IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS The term business normally refers to the act of doing any transactions that ends up in earning or losing money. The act that is ending up in financial implications is called business. This business can be considered as a result of collective commercial transactions of all types involving government‚ private‚ corporate‚ individual or a group of individual‚ and so on. Anyone involve in the business usually undertakes such operations only for the purpose
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Financial Control Auditing in an Electronic Environment (e-Auditing) Presented to Dr. Marwa Tarek Presented By: Pierre Guirguis 9104428 Rimon Abd El-Meseih 9104386 Mahmoud Mohamed Refaat Auditing in an Electronic Environment (e-Auditing) * What is e-Auditing? Electronic auditing‚ or e-Auditing‚ is computer-assisted auditing that uses electronic records to complete all or part of the audit. If you use a computer to record your business activity and maintain this data electronically
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Responses to recent corporate collapses have overlooked the importance of business ethics in managing risk * Four indicators of business ethics and their risk management aspects are discussed * Investors are wanting companies to disclose how they are managing the risks from poor business ethics practices Over the past decade‚ poor risk management of various kinds‚ for example‚ a lack of board independence or potentially compromised auditors‚ has contributed to sometimes spectacular company
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In his article‚ “An Aristotelean Approach to Business Ethics‚” Robert Solomon argues that business should be viewed from the Aristotle way. He discusses that this view is not something very new but something that originated back to the ancient times. “What the Aristotelean approach promises is not something novel and scientific but an approach that is very staid and established and above all very human.” This approach differs from other philosophies that we have learned in class because it incorporates
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