Under the guidance of Bismarck‚ the Prussian chancellor‚ the unification of a Kleindeutsch (small Germany) took place in 1871 after Prussia defeated France. There is often historical debate over who was responsible for the unification of Germany. Controversy is caused amongst those who believe that Bismarck was fully responsible for German unification and those who believe other factors played an equally or even more important part. The historian Pflanze is an example of someone who considers Bismarck
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beginning of the French Revolution and analyse Napoleon as a military and political threat to international system. International system of the 18th century was different from the one that was established after French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars (1791-1815). To understand how Napoleon has challenged the existing international order we have to grasp what the international order actually looked like when Napoleon came to power in 1799. "Have courage to use your own reason!" - That is how Immanuel Kant
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1/18/13 The first stage of the French Revolution (1789-1792) * Previously talking about the estates general – 1789 Louis XVI trying to solve economic problems divided into clergy‚ nobility‚ commoners because the French society was legally divided in the same way (all had different obligations and different rights) * Middle class included: bankers‚ merchants‚ doctors‚ entrepreneurs‚ lawyers‚ shopkeepers‚ artisans…comfortable life * Working class: lower class‚ those working for a wage/salary
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Movements for Liberal Reform and Revolution- In decade following Congress of Vienna‚ conservative regimes=successful in maintaining order as only revolutions in Greece and Latin America succeeded‚ but late 1820’s brought new series of challenges. Russia‚ France‚ and Great Britain would deal w/ these new demands/problems in own unique ways.* Russia – Suppression:-- Secret societies developed in military. The Southern Society=more radical (republicans; no serfdom) while the Northern Society=more moderate
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nationalism has been on the decline in Europe. Using both political and economic examples from the period 1945 to 2000‚ evaluate the validity of this interpretation. Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815-1848) and Bismarck (1862-1890). Analyze the
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Gloria Carneiro‚ Mikaela Hall Cuevas 22 February 2012 European History AP The Success of the Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna‚ held in Austria from September 1814 to November 1815‚ was a conference held by prominent European powers of the day. The Quadruple Alliance‚ consisting of Britain‚ Austria‚ Russia‚ and Prussia‚ enacted the congress in order to reinstate peace throughout Europe after the tiring Napoleonic Wars scourged the continent. The Napoleonic Wars had dragged unwilling
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Iron’ from his famous speech of 1862 and Realpolitik to pursue the needs of the state managed to affect Germany through their diplomatic and military victories. After the disaster of the 1850 Erfurt Union the German people were reluctant to attempt to unite all the states in fear that Austria
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His main aim was to keep himself in power. How far do you agree with this view of Napoleon Bonaparte from 1799-1815? From 1799 to 1814‚ Napoleon Bonaparte was the emperor of France. On November 9‚ 1799‚ Napoleon and members of the legislature removed the Directory‚ dictatorship of five men during the French revolution‚ from office because the Directory was weak and failed to improve conditions in France. A new constitution was formed consolidating Napoleon’s position and Napoleon was named first
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holly roman empieror francis 2nd abdicated‚ following a military defeat by the French under napoleon‚ he reorganised much of the empire into the confederation of the rhine a French satelite which was replaced by a new union‚ the german confederation in 1815 Bismarks fall from power Anti socialist legislation in 1978 has sometimes been seen as the most important representitive law in bismarks chancelorship. In 1878 2 attempts were made on Kaiser Wilhelm 1 and the social democratic party was blamed
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right and the will of the people. Next‚ Gioberti headed the federation of existing states‚ and then Italian nations were built around the aristocratic kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont as german looked towards Prussia. Cavour has played a prominent role in the Sardinina government from the period 1850 to 1861. He was recognized as a dominant figure during that time. In 1852‚ Cavour was elected as a chief minister in the Sardinian monarchy. Likewise Cavour made the necessary arrangements and took actions
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