Develop a “Theory of Mind”? Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both terms for a group of disorders of brain development. The disorders are varied by difficulties in impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication‚ repetitive behaviors‚ and in social behaviors. Statistics has shown that 1 in 68 American children have autism while ASD is 5 more times common among boys than girls. Many research groups have performed studies to see if children with autism develop a theory of mind. Daily social
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AUTISM Autism is a rare developmental disorder that affects approximately four in every ten thousand children (Baron-Cohen‚ Leslie & Frith‚ 1985). Employing a clinical perspective‚ Kanner (1943) (as cited in Sachs‚ 1995) was the first to provide a description on the disorder of autism. However‚ in the 1970s‚ Wing (1970) (as cited in Sachs‚ 1995) applied a cognitive perspective in describing the mental structure of autism. This essay will therefore argue that autism is characterised by the
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Autism‚ also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‚ is five complex brain disorders that affects a person’s behavior‚ communication‚ and social skills. Autism is caused from very early brain development. The most obvious stages of autism come anywhere between age two and three‚ and lasts throughout their whole life. The Centers for Disease Control said that ASDs were‚ "Developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual
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Theory of Mind From "Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science" Theory of mind refers to the everyday psychology that we use to understand and explain our own and others’ actions by reference to mental states‚ such as ‘desiring’‚ ‘knowing’ and ‘believing’. INTRODUCTION The expression ‘theory of mind’ (ToM) was introduced into psychology by David Premack and Guy Woodruff in 1978. Asking‚ ‘Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?’‚ they described experiments to assess whether the primate most closely
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Autism: theories and perspectives. I will‚ in this essay‚ demonstrate my understanding of the key needs of people with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and will use my own experience as a support worker in Adult Services working with adults with an ASC. I will reference relevant quotes in support of my knowledge of ASC and I will concentrate on the needs of people with an ASC in relation to triad of impairments (L Wing 1996)‚ diagnostic criteria and psychological functioning (V Cumine et al 1998)
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Within this TMA I will be discussing Theory of Mind and how it may have evolved in humans‚ using the Theory of Evolution to explain this. I will also be looking at what the adaptive function of Theory of Mind in humans may be. The adaptive function in this essay means the relative ability of a person to effectively interact with society on all levels and care for one’s self; affected by one’s eagerness to practice skills and follow opportunities for enhancement. Evolution is the procedure which
Free Natural selection Charles Darwin Evolution
Autism is a severe developmental disorder that debilitates the ability to communicate and socially interact with others. It is important to include science as well as the field of psychology to better understand autism and find a solution. A plausible explanation is the disruption in DNA that results in a genetic mutation or inherited from the parents of the offspring. Psychologist believe that the disorder is cause by the lack of development of certain components in the brain. Biological occurrences
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Theory of mind is an important concept to understand as educators of children in the early years as it is developed through children’s interactions with their peers‚ families‚ educators and diverse environments (Whites‚ Hayes and Livesey‚ 2010) Theory of mind can be defined as the understanding of mental states‚ such as belief‚ desire and knowledge‚ that enables us to explain and predict other’s behaviour (Miller‚ 2006).It is the ability to perceive what another person might be thinking or might
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What is theory of mind? by Josh Clark Source: Clark‚ Josh. ‘What is theory of mind?’ 05 April 2011. HowStuffWorks.com. <http://people.howstuffworks.com/theory-of-mind.htm> Back when you were a child of 2 or so‚ you were virtually mindless‚ at least compared to how you are now. In the first few years of life‚ your primary focus was you: you wanted food‚ comfort‚ a colorful toy – and you were willing to cry very loudly to get it. In return‚ you offered nothing but potential quiet. You were egocentric
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Bernard Rimland‚ who overturned conventional theories about the origin of autism in the 1960s and later forced scientists and policymakers to consider alternative causes and treatments‚ died last Tuesday in El Cajon‚ Calif.‚ near his home in San Diego. He was 78. The cause was complications of prostate cancer‚ a family spokeswoman said. Dr. Rimland’s interest in autism‚ the puzzling social-skills disorder‚ and his work on behalf of families touched by it grew out of his intuition as an experimental
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