merely consisting of the noble and upper classes put official policies into place. Many believed the bureaucrats were corrupt collecting bribes along with their wages. Practical measures were also needed to be taken in order to enforce Russian autocracy. While the police maintained law and order‚ the Tsars organised secret police called the Okhrana‚ for the surveillance of revolutionaries and anarchists while also censoring certain information and activities. The Russian Orthodox Church was a major
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Nicholas II came to the throne during an arduous time in Russian history. It was a combination of factors‚ including his political ineptitude that led to the fall of the Romanov dynasty and eventually cost Nicholas II‚ the Tsarina Alexandra and their five children their lives. Russia was late in modernising‚ partly due to the Tsar?s lack of reforms‚ and was behind Britain‚ France and the United States. Russia was also slow to emerge from feudalism‚ and was undergoing difficulty as industrial and
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question of whether the 19th century debate over Crown Colony Government versus the Old Representative System as a mechanism of colonial rule in the 19th century British West Indies was and issue of democracy versus autocracy. I shall therefore distinguish between democracy and autocracy‚ and Old Representative System and the Crown Colony Government respectively. Moreover‚ I am going to prove from democratic standpoint that the Old representative system and the Crown Colony Government are different
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Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal‚ development‚ and creation of laws. It encompasses social‚ economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. The term originates from the Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía) "rule of the people"‚[1] which
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tsar who had reimposed autocracy and oppression on the Russian empire after the murder of Alexander II. Those who met the young tsarevich‚ described him as pleasant and likeable‚ but otherwise unremarkable – hardly the traits of a man ordained by God to rule Russia. Nicholas famously expressed reluctance about taking the throne‚ declaring that he “never wanted to rule”. But tradition
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and make it more powerful. He believed in economic development through state capitalism‚ which meant using the autocratic power to make radical changes in the economy. He also thought that it was possible to combine Western technology with Russian autocracy to sustain the tsar’s government through economic advance. As we can see‚ his work was greatly focused on the economy. During the 1890’s there was a period referred to as ‘the great spurt’ due to the enormous growth of industry in the country. To
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period was the mixed rule attempt with the Duma introduced from 1906 to 1917‚ it is arguable that Nicholas II made concessions only to keep opposition temporarily at bay and that his aim was to uphold the principle of autocracy. Alex III quickly saw to a more repressive form of autocracy with his reign seeing the state not
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the security of the autocracy. As peasants and lower classes gained power some believe that the Tsar became concerned about parties fighting back against the autocratic reign of Tsars as they demanded a Westernised democracy and questioned the Slavophiles‚ these people were known as Narodniks. A majority of reforms made by the Tsar were social‚ and as the reign continued these reforms slowly became a reactionary introduction of policies designed to keep hold of autocracy. One of the first reforms
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“differed very little from what it had been at the end of the fifteenth [century]” (Lincoln‚ 1990). Alexander was conscious of Russia’s situation and knew he needed to take action as soon as possible. But he was also firmly dedicated to maintaining the autocracy and his position as Tsar‚ a notion that was installed into him by his father since his youth. Nevertheless‚ Alexander II became known as the ruler who implemented the well-known “Great Reforms”. One of the reforms considered the most consequential
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replacement to the former imperial autocracy. Yuan’s attempts to create an autocratic regime reminiscent of the past and the lack of a central government were impeding the growth of post-revolution China. Yuan’s death in 1916‚ resulted in a China that would be plagued by warlords‚ civil war‚ coups‚ and additional foreign occupation. No single power emerged as a strong leader. The republic revolution of 1911 was successful in eradicating the imperial autocracy that had defined Chinese history‚ but
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