Prepaid Energy Meter using GSM INTRODUCTION: This project is based on VTU syllabus. The proposed system is based on ATMEL 89S52 µcontroller which is in our syllabus. For doing this project we use some of the software like ❖ Embedded C for programming the application software to the microcontroller. ❖ Protel schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project. ❖ Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project.
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PREPAID ENERGY METER The present system of energy billing is error prone and also time and labor consuming. Errors get introduced at every stage of energy billing like errors with electro-mechanical meters‚ human errors while noting down the meter reading‚ and errors while processing the paid bills and the due bills. There are many cases where the bill is paid and then is shown as a due amount in the next bill. There is no proper way to know the consumer’s maximum demand‚ usage details‚ losses
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PREPAID ENERGY METER USING SMART CARDS By S.Anjana EEE-A‚III-year R.M.K ENGINEERING COLLEGE INTRODUCTION What is energy meter ? What is prepaid energy meter ? Why prepaid energy meter must be used ? NEED FOR PREPAID ENERGY METER Induction type meters induce human errors To know the amount of energy usage and prevent large ‚unexpected bills To avoid creeping in induction type meters To save power BLOCK DIAGRAM Energy meter Opto coupler Relay Load LCD 8051 microcontroller MC EEPROM
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CHICAGO PARKING METERS LLC The presenting group clearly explains the situation and the parties involved. 1. Compare the perspectives of private investors and municipalities in valuing revenue streams in the CPM analysis. Where do they differ and where do they have common ground? a. Difference- The private investors use cash flow‚ account for taxes‚ and they will pay for the investment. The municipalities use revenues‚ don’t account for taxes‚ and they won’t pay for the investment
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On a cold‚ Friday evening in March‚ I was warming up before a track meet began. I was going to be running the 100-meter dash- it was the first race of the meet. The stadium was piling up with people’s families‚ friends‚ and relatives. My own family was in the crowd‚ and I was so excited to show them all the hard work I had put in. “100-meter girls!” I heard the announcer say‚ and I knew it was my turn to go and run. While waiting in line‚ I started to get nervous like I do before every run- I get
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1949) How a Cover Meter Works? The change of inductance of an iron cored inductor known as ‘search unit’ due to the proximity of the reinforcing bar is used to measure the ‘cover’. The search unit is moved on the surface of the concrete and rotated till the maximum deflection is seen on the indicator. The meter is calibrated with the concrete block and thereafter the search unit is used to find the position of the reinforcement in structures. (Rao‚ 1949) Importance of Cover Meter in the Industry
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SMART ENERGY METER A smart meter is usually an electrical meter that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing purposes. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Unlike home energy monitors‚ smart meters can gather data for remote reporting. Smart Meters" usually involve real-time or near real-time sensors‚ power outage notification
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ConstruCtion microcontroller-based Ultrasonic distance meter and receiver)‚ current buffer ULN2003‚ operational amplifier LM324‚ inverter here are several ways to measCD4049‚ four 7-segment displays‚ five ure distance without contact. transistors and some discreet comOne way is to use ultrasonic ponents. The ultrasonic transmitterwaves at 40 kHz for distance measurereceiver pair is shown in Fig. 1. ment. Ultrasonic transducers measure Ultrasonic generators use piezothe amount of time
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the energy meter. The main aim of this project is whenever u r recharging with some amount say example Rs.100/- by doing SMS to the MODEM‚ the bulb gets automatically ON until your recharge gets zero. After getting your balance zero your device gets automatically switched OFF and you will get a message from the MODEM that you have to recharge your mobile and the process takes place continuously. Block diagram: GSM modem 8051 microcontroller Energy meter
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1. INTRODUCTION The sun is the largest source of renewable energy and this energy is abundantly available in all parts of the earth. It is in fact one of the best alternatives to the non-renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times‚ but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970‚ some research and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently‚ but most of this work remained mainly academic . After the dramatic rise in oil
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