yayavaram@yahoo.com EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNITS IV & V Interfacing methods The interfacing of an I/O device to an embedded system is always an important task. Generally interfacing means ‚ both the physical connections of the hardware devices and the software routines that effect the data transfer .Due to incompatibility in speeds of the microcontroller and I/O devices ‚there is always a problem in data transfer between two devices .This leads to a concept
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communication 2. How does Analog Transmission Work? A) Available Bandwidth The available bandwidth is 200-3400Hz Modem can only handle frequencies within range 200-3400Hz B) Carrier Wave Sent before any transmission Fixed amplitude and sign wave C) How do modems modify carrier waves to represent data? Amplitude Shift Keying Change in amplitude (voltage) Frequency Shift Keying Change in frequency Phase Shift Keying Change in Phase D) How do modems get faster transmission (QAM) QAM is a modulating
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Stub In microwave and radio-frequency engineering‚ a stub is a length of transmission line or waveguide that is connected at one end only. The free end of the stub is either left open-circuit or (especially in the case of waveguides) short-circuited. Neglecting transmission line losses‚ the input impedance of the stub is purely reactive; either capacitive or inductive‚ depending on the electrical length of the stub‚ and on whether it is open or short circuit. Stubs may thus be considered to be
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Start/Stop Synchronisation ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 2 History of Computing • 1930: Development of ASCII Transmission Code • 1945: Allied Governments develop the First Large Computer • 1950: IBM releases its first computer IBM 710 • 1960: IBM releases the First Commercial Computer IBM 360 ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 3 Main Contributors of Data Comm. • Transmission Technology • Packet Switching Technology • Internet – 1967: ARPANET by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of
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transfer speed of information is very vital in the operation. If their information is fast‚ more work can be done and more objectives will be met. However‚ if data transmission is slow‚ less tasks can be accomplished and more time will be wasted. In a company with different branches‚ distance will be a problem for data transmission. Without any direct connections‚ it will be very difficult to share information between branches. Filinvest Land‚ Inc. (FLI)‚ a subsidiary of Filinvest Development
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE‚ KANCHEEPURAM ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025 APRIL 2013 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report “AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC BRAKING” is the bonafide work of “V. GOPINATHAN‚ JAYESH.N.PATEL‚ T. JOSEPH MATHEW‚ J. KISHAND” who carried out the project work under my supervision. SIGNATURE
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Chapter 1: data communications‚ data networks‚ and the internet TRUE OR FALSE T F 1. Data communications deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner. T F 2. There are several fundamental differences between data processing and data communications. T F 3. There are no fundamental differences among data‚ voice‚ and video communications. T F 4. Effective and efficient data communication and networking facilities are vital to
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* Introduction * Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC). * The Delhi Metro (Hindi - दिल्ली मेट्रो Dillī Meṭro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi‚ Gurgaon‚ Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India * As of November 2010‚ DMRC operates around 2‚700 trips daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval of 2.5 minutes between trains at peak frequency. * The trains are mainly of four coaches‚ but due
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AUTOMATED CAR PARKING SYSTEM ABSTRACT Numbers of vehicle are increasing day by day due to bank leasing policies and loan policies of government. Many problems are associated with the massive increase in the number of vehicles. Traffic congestion‚ car parking congestion‚ locating empty parking lots and the security of the car are some of the major problem. The main issue that is lacking in most of the parking area is security of the car. Statistical reports show that most of the vehicles are
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Broad Topic: The Zika Virus: Transmission‚ Effects‚ and Prevention Narrowed Topic: The Transmission‚ Effects and Prevention of the Zika Virus by Mosquitoes Research Question: How is the Zika Virus‚ transmitted to humans by mosquitoes‚ what are the effects and what ways can the transmission be reduced? Thesis Statement: The Aedes species is the primary medium responsible for the transmission of ZikV‚ which may be accompanied with other ailments. Introduction: The Zika virus is one considered as a
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