Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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at every level‚ our existence is both part of a larger system and a combination of smaller systems. 3. Describe the structure of a neuron and the pro cess by which an action potential is triggered. 4. Describe how nerve cells communicate‚ and dis cuss the importance of neurotransmitters for human behavior. 5. Discuss the significance of endorphins‚ and ex plain how drugs influence neurotransmitters. 6. Identify the major divisions of the nervous sys tem and their primary functions‚ and describe the
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as a nervous system. Neurons like all cells come in different shapes and sizes but are always made up of a cell body attached to a process which is an extension of a neuron; groups of neurons are called neural system and each system having its own special role and function. Neurons are found all over the body although mainly found in the brain and make up to main nervous systems. The central nervous system which is made up of neurons in the brain and spinal cord‚ and the peripheral nervous system
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Leprosy‚ also known as Hansen’s Disease‚ is a medical condition that basically attacksthe surface nerves of an individual‚ causing a feeling of numbness and lack of sensation. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is acquired‚ transmitted and spread by common airborne infections such as sneezing and coughing. The most evident primary symptom of leprosy is the appearance of a patch on the skin‚ commonly associated with loss of feeling or sensation. Most people think that people
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lateral position (step-2). The parameters were recorded from right arm in step-2. Statistical analysis was done by paired t- test using the window SPSS Statistics 17.0 version.Cold pressor test is an autonomic function test in which cold stimulus causes intense stimulation of sympathetic nervous system 1. Immersion of hand in cold water produced marked increase in heart rate. This increase in heart rate has been attributed to an
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Nurse Practice Act Extra Credit Definition of Nurse Practice Act(s) Nursing practice acts in each state are laws that define the responsibilities of the nurse. The acts are intended to protect patients from harm as a result of unsafe or incompetent practice‚ or unqualified nurses. They contain general statements of appropriate professional nursing actions. The nurse must incorporate the nursing practice act with his or her educational background‚ previous work experience‚ institutional policies
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increased‚ he was sweating and that his mouth was dry before the raise began. Explain what is happening to his autonomic nervous system (including which division is the most active) and specify exactly how those ANS responses are creating the symptoms noted. What changes do you think are occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points) In his autonomic nervous system‚ the sympathetic division was the most active before and during the race because it is what prepares your body
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brain‚ highly wrinkled (thought & action) Thalamus - major sensory relay center‚ regulates CNS & PNS Hypothalamus - ventral to thalamus (homeostasis‚ emotion‚ thirst‚ hunger‚ circadian rhythm‚ control of autonomic nervous system) [controls pituitary gland] Main structures a. Limbic system - collection of structures w/in forebrain (emotional brain in memories‚ emotions‚ decisions‚ motivation‚ learning) b. Amygdala - control of emotional behavior c. Hippocampus - process of learning & memory
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satiety centre for feeding is found in the amygdala. v) Extracellular thirst can be triggered by bleeding. w) Steroid hormones do not reach the brain. x) The vagal nerve (vagus) has both afferent and efferent fibres. y) The parasympathetic nervous system uses catecholamines as its neurotransmitters. z) A bitter taste causes a
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cavities. Body membranes are made up of epithelial and connective tissue layer. Mucous membrane cover openings that are exposed to the outside world. For example‚ mucous membrane is present in the nose‚ respiratory tract‚ male and female reproductive systems‚ stomach and intestines. Epithelium of mucous membrane is attached to lamina propria‚ a loose connective tissue layer that stabilizes the epithelium in place. Goblet cells in the epithelium make mucus which is a liquid that protects the mucous membrane
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