the scientific method. In other words we use research and empirical data to answer theories‚ make predictions and try to explain a phenomena. In Psychology‚ you observe human behavior. The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. The availability heuristic operates on the notion that if something can be recalled‚ it must be important. Research process: Chapter 4 Sensation: the detection of physical energy by our sense organs‚ which send
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The movie "12 Angry Men (1957)" directed by Sidney Lumet‚ involves many important Social Psychology theories and concepts. In Psychology 241‚ these concepts are reviewed to explore the basis of psychology in social situations. In this report‚ I will explain my observations of the film. Of course‚ others may have different viewpoints and this is why an open-ended discussion‚ as seen in the movie‚ would be beneficial to ensure a broad understanding of the film. The very first observation I made was
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my understanding of this film from a social psychological (PSYCHO 241) standpoint. Firstly‚ 11/12 jurors acted as cognitive misers‚ leading to heuristic thinking due to a lack of time‚ importance‚ and information. These men used the representative heuristic by utilizing their schema of "slum kids" as a prototype. They also used the availability heuristic as media portrays these children in a bad light. Ultimately‚ this led to confirmation bias as the jurors expected that the boy must be guilty due
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Chapter 5 Perception and Individual Decision Making MULTIPLE CHOICE What Is Perception and Why Is It Important? 1. A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment is called: a. interpretation. b. environmental analysis. c. perception. d. outlook. (c; Easy; p. 123) Factors Influencing Perception 2. What one perceives _______ objective reality. a. is always the same
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eliminating those that don’t work Can be useful problem-solving strategy Algorithms Algorithm: Procedure or method that when followed step by step‚ always produces the correct solution Examples: Mathematical formulas‚ Not always practical Heuristics Heuristics: general rule-of-thumb strategy that may or may not work
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specific‚ step-by-step procedure for solving certain types of problems. Heuristic- is an educated guess based on prior experiences that help narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also knows as a “rule of thumb”. Representative heuristic- is an assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category are also a member of that category. Availability heuristic- is an estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how
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Problem solving strategies that provide a reasonable guess for the solution- Heuristics Retroactive interference of long-term memory means new material interfered with the old material Extremely valid and detailed memory of an event flashbulb memories A mental representation of object‚ events or ideas Concepts When and individual makes judgments on how easily things come to mind‚ he or she is employing the availability heuristic The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate is called
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Availability Heuristic: Gives our brains the quick shortcut to the answer we need. We make decision based on what is readily available in our minds rather than examining all the alternatives. Representative heuristic: Is when I am confronted with an experience and I need to make a judgment or a decision about that situation my brain automatically rely on my past experiences and mental representation to guide my judgement and decision. Counterfactual Thinking: Is thoughts about past events‚ thoughts
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Module 1: Doing Social Psychology • What is social psychology? • Theory vs. hypothesis • Correlational research ◦ What information/explanations do these types of studies provide? ◦ What are their limitations? • Experiments ◦ How do they compare to correlational studies? ◦ Independent vs. dependent variables ◦ Field vs. lab research ◦ Random Assignment ◦ Mundane vs. experimental realism ◦ APA ethical guidelines Module 2: Did You Know It
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DECISIONS‚ we make mistakes. We all know this from personal experience‚ of course. But just in case we didn’t‚ a seemingly unending stream of experimental evidence in recent years has documented the human penchant for error. This line of research—dubbed heuristics and biases‚ although you may be more familiar with its offshoot‚ behavioral economics—has become the dominant academic approach to understanding decisions. Its practitioners have had a major influence on business‚ government‚ and financial markets
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