Cost Accounting Cost accounting is a step further to and a refinement of financial accounting in which cost of manufacturing and selling each product or job or rendering service is determined‚ not at the time of accounting period but at the time when the product is manufactured or any service is rendered. In simple words‚ costing is a systematic procedure for determining the unit cost of output produced or services rendered. It provides for an analysis of the expenditure which enables the management to
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Cost Benefit Analysis What is cost benefit analysis? Cost benefit analysis (COBA) is a technique for assessing the monetary social costs and benefits of a capital investment project over a given time period. The principles of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are simple: 1. Appraisal of a project: It is an economic technique for project appraisal‚ widely used in business as well as government spending projects (for example should a business invest in a new information system) 2. Incorporates
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1). Fixed cost per unit decreases when: a. Production volume increases. b. Production volume decreases. c. Variable cost per unit decreases. d. Variable cost per unit increases. 2). Prime cost + Factory overhead cost is: a. Conversion cost. b. Production cost. c. Total cost. d. None of given option. 3). Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed Rs. 90‚000; Opening and closing stock of raw material
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____ 1. A cost is not relevant if it: A. B. C. D. E. Does not differ for each option available to the decision maker. Changes from period to period. Is a future cost. Is a mixed cost. Is a fixed cost. 2. Variable costs will generally be relevant for decision making because they: A. B. C. D. E. Differ between options. Are volume-based. Have not been committed and differ between options. Differ between options and have been committed. Measure opportunity cost. 3. Fixed costs will often be
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Chapter 4. Costs and Cost Minimization Problem Set 1. Suppose the production of airframes is characterized by a CES production function: Q = (L½ + K½)2. The marginal products for this production function are MPL = (L½ + K½)L−½ and MPK = (L½+ K½)K−½. Suppose that the price of labor is $10 per unit and the price of capital is $1 per unit. Find the cost-minimizing combination of labor and capital for an airframe manufacturer that wants to produce 121‚000 airframes. The tangency condition
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Low-Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies Laura Allard November 21‚ 2010 William Hogan Management Cases Upper Iowa University Abstract This paper discusses Low-Cost Leadership and Differentiation business strategies. The paper explains what each strategy is and how they can be applied‚ utilized and maximized as strategies for a company. Suggestion of methods to implement and the strategies are discussed‚ including when the strategies work best. Low-Cost and Differentiation
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To : President‚ Marriott Corporation From : FLO299 Subject : Marriott Corporation – The Cost of Capital Date : April 6‚ 2010 The Importance of the Cost of Capital The cost of capital is important as it forms the basis for Marriott’s investing and financial decisions. By understanding and knowing the cost of capital‚ Marriott is able to select relevant investment projects for the company‚ determine incentive compensation‚ and repurchase undervalued shares when needed. The returns
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Allocate joint product costs according to the benefits-received approaches and the relative market value approaches. 3. Describe methods of accounting for by-products. 4. Explain why joint cost allocations may be misleading in management decision making. 5. Discuss why joint production is seldom found in service industries. This chapter describes the joint production processes and their outputs—joint products and by-products. Several methods are developed to allocate joint costs to joint products
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H. J. HEINZ: ESTIMATING THE COST OF CAPITAL IN UNCERTAIN TIMES Heinz is an established processed food manufacturing giant‚ with $10 billion in revenues and 29‚600 employees around the globe. Heinz operates in over 200 countries. The company is organized into business segments based on regions: North American consumer products‚ Europe Foodservice‚ Asia Pacific and the rest of the world. Around 60% of the company revenues were from outside United States and the company is increasingly focusing on
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customers don’t know the best price or availability) Revenue Curves Total Revenue Total Revenue Curve Average & Marginal Revenue Average & Marginal Revenue Total Revenue - Total Quantity x Price. Marginal Revenue – the revenue earned by selling one more units. Average Revenue - total revenue/quantity. Since all the units are the same price‚ each new unit would have the same average revenue‚ so the marginal revenue = total revenue. To compete or collaborate? Since firms are interdependent
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