Introduction The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E.‚ and continued until the early modern period beginning around 1500. The medieval period is split into the sub-categories of early medieval (500-1000)‚ central middle ages (1000-1300)‚ late medieval (1300-1500)‚ and followed by the early modern period (1500-1800). At each of these periods of time important political‚ economic‚ social‚ cultural‚ religious and scientific changes were being
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the pope’s claims‚ that the Pope is unable to work entirely alone‚ and that there is no limiting power between the pope in communion with the bishops. The Anglican Church has made it very clear in their point of view and beliefs on the matter of the papacy‚ but who is to say that all of these claims can be justified and supported? The Catholic Church holds very strong‚ faith based teachings and morals. The Church is constantly contradicted. Catholics trust that everything God does is out of
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John”. The early life of Pope John XXIII shaped his morality and future ideas‚ and his travelling made him tolerant towards other people‚ cultures and beliefs. He believed that “No one is excluded by love” and pursued this belief throughout is papacy‚ even visiting prisons in order to forgive those who had sinned‚ considering them all his children. He had a strong personal spirituality that was central to his character and he promoted obedience and peace in all that he did‚ becoming a role model
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El Cid‚ born in 1043 and dead by 1099‚ was a Castilian nobleman known for his military prowess. His life‚ defined by ever-evolving allegiances‚ reveals the chaotic state of Iberia during the second half of the eleventh century. The Taifa kingdoms—the successors of the Caliphate of Córdoba—divided Muslim rule‚ allowing Christian kingdoms to start achieving military success. This weakness resulted in the Taifas calling on the Almoravids from Morocco for military aid. While the Almoravids heeded the
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The European Middle Ages lasted from 500-1500 CE. During the Middle Ages‚ the western half of the Roman Empire started to slowly decline. The decline of the Roman Empire all began with the invasions of Western Europe. Germanic invaders invaded the Western half of the Roman Empire. Consequently‚ the western half of the Roman Empire experienced economical problems. There was disruption of trade‚ downfall of cities‚ and population shifts. Therefore‚ businesses started to collapse. As the Germans mixed
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Hannukah Around the World Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday celebrated for eight days and nights. It is in fact the only Jewish holiday that is not mentioned in Jewish scripture. It starts on the 25th of the Jewish month of Kislev‚ which coincides with late November-late December on the secular calendar. In Hebrew‚ the word "hanukkah" means "dedication." The name reminds us that this holiday commemorates the re-dedication of the holy Temple in Jerusalem following the Jewish victory over the Syrian-Greeks
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as the Holy Roman Emperor. This incredible leader was able to bring peace to Germany immediately following a defeat in the second crusade by Conrad III at a time when Germany was on the brink of a civil war‚ while regaining a relationship with the papacy‚ as well as leading The Holy Roman Empire into the third Crusade. Although there is limited information remaining today about the early years of Frederick Barbarossa‚ according to Munz‚ Frederick I was born in Germany in the year 1122 with royalty
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in Italy‚ where he sought to restore the old imperial rights‚ and had the methodology and mind-set of an idealistic reactionary. Furthermore‚ his actions in both of these countries were influenced and at times determined by his relations with the Papacy and foreign powers such as the Normans in southern Italy. Frederick’s practical approach to the problems of government in Germany is evident in his initial actions following his designation by his dying uncle Conrad III. During the
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aristocracy of the period also led a very violent lifestyle: this crusade or ‘Holy War’ justified the use of violence as a means of abolishing the threat from Islam on the Christian World. Thirdly‚ the papacy was very keen on consolidating its political influence in Italy‚ France and Germany. The papacy wanted to keep the Christian parts of the world as large as possible and they also wanted to make sure that these areas would be completely Christian. Urban wished to expand the Church’s sphere of influence
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Byzantine Empire‚ threatened by the advance of the Seljuk Turks. The year 1071 had seen both the capture of Jerusalem and a significant defeat of the Byzantine army at Manzikert‚ creating fear of further Turkish victories. In addition‚ the hopes of the papacy for the reuniting of East and West‚ the nobility’s hunger for land at a time of crop failures‚ population pressure in the West‚ and an alternative to warfare at home were major impulses. In my opinion‚ the Crusades were equally a result of economic
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