The failures of 1848-9 could be blamed on the poor leadership of Individuals such as Charles Albert and Mazzini. However there are other contributing factors that should be taken into account. Although Charles Albert seems to be successful in uniting the states of Italy to strengthen his campaign‚ for example‚ by joining Lombardy and Venetia with Piedmont and merging their armies into one in 1848‚ and aiding the rebels in Lombardy‚ his poor leadership effected the outcome of the 1848-9 Revolutions
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the will of God. The Protestants however‚ completely rejected this idea. They did not see the Pope as this supreme figure‚ and they denied his authority. Because of this‚ often displays in Catholic cathedrals and churches‚ one can find images of the Papacy throughout the years‚ however‚ one will never
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When Holy Crusades are mentioned many people will go straight to the epic encounters over the Holy Land of Jerusalem against the Muslim Forces but that was not the only crusade to be called by the Papacy. The Baltic Crusades also known as the Northern Crusades was the Catholic Churches push to clear out the pagan ideology from Northern Europe once and for all. This crusade was called to begin by Pope Celestine III (1106 – 1198) in 1195 but the local Christian states were already fighting to suppress
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know‚ do concept between the 1200s and the 1600s AD. Being a practitioner of faith meant applying the rites commanders and the papacy authorized as a mission requirement. Knowing meant priests were to have a thorough knowledge of the rites of penance‚ mass‚ final unction‚ and viaticum. [1] Doing simply meant conducting the appointed duties required by the papacy to the people providing a service of good for the kingdom in whole. Although the role of the chaplain became more prudent‚ it was
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Review of William Manchester’s A World Lit Only by Fire William Manchester’s A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance is a historical‚ nonfiction book that I found to be both only intriguing and enticing‚ despite its beginning and ending parts. The beginning chapter of Manchester’s book‚ "The Medieval Mind‚" was quite slow and overly informative‚ although a bright spot was illuminated with the discussion of peasant life and customs in the Dark Ages. The ending section‚ "One
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whom Jesus had called the "rock" on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition and recognized the Roman patriarch to a measure of honorable authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable figure within the larger church. The Orthodox tradition asserted that the character and rights of the church were fully present in each local community of Orthodox believers
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wealth. The idea of medieval Christendom was a newer concept which is basically a Christian commonwealth led by the papacy. As the church tried to create this Christendom‚ theorists argued that the church was only a spiritual body and therefore its power did not extend to the political realm. The theorists along with the people said that the state needed no guidance from the papacy and that the clergy was not above secular law. The church was becoming more corrupt by the day‚ which included: nepotism
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Chronology of the History of the States in Europe Roman Empire → Rome‚ sacked by Visigoths in 410/ the deposition of the last Roman Emperor in the West in 476/ in the East in 1453 8th – 15th / 16th century→ Dominance of feudal structures; and the Papacy 14th – 16th century→ Decline of the Church and of feudalism; polity of Estates Around 15th -18th →The rise absolutism 18th -19th centuries →The emergence of the modern state B. A Typology of The States (in European History) a. Empires:
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twenty-six of them were based on his work “The Church.” Because Hus refused to renounce his beliefs he was burned at the stake‚ becoming a national martyr against the Catholic Church. The excerpts from his work “The Church” express Hus’s opinions on the papacy. He begins by characterizing the role of Christ within the church. Hus uses scriptures from Matthew‚ I Peter‚ Hebrews‚ Luke‚ John‚ Philippians‚ and revelations to support his argument‚ that Jesus is the only true roman pontiff‚ or bishop‚ of the Roman
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Church was influential in Italy in many ways. Both rulers and ordinary people were influenced by the conservative beliefs of the Catholic Church and the attitude of the Papacy towards Italian unity was often reflected in the actions of Italian rulers and mass support for nationalism. In 1815 temporal power was restored to the Papacy in the Papal States and the Pope shared the conservatism of the other Italian rulers who hoped to maintain their own power in individual states. The dominant power
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