Questions/ Vocab‚ etc. | Notes | Early Reform Papacy: the central administration of Roman Catholic Church (Pope)Indulgence: The forgiveness of punishment due for past sins‚ granted by Catholic Church authorities as reward for a pious act.Martin Luther Protestant Reformation: religious reform movement within Latin christian church beginning 1519The Reformation SpreadsThe Counter Reformation and the Politics of RegionCatholic Revolution: religious reform movement within Latin Christian church‚ in
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the Homenstaufen family‚ having defeated during the Investiture Controversy‚ tried to re-instate the faltering empire as a secular‚ feudal state. In this conflict‚ the word “holy” was placed in the name of the empire to separate the Empire and the Papacy. The emperors believed the Empire was inheritably sacred and did not need the Pope’s blessing to the Empire. The emperors also still believed Italy was in the Empire‚ which in turn saw the opposition of the Papal States. After the death of Emperor
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Born to an affluent patrician around 540‚ the boy who would become Pope Saint Gregory the Great lived a youthful life of calm and worry-free days‚ despite the fact that he was born surrounded by famine‚ war‚ and uncertainty. While there are no official records of his education‚ there is no doubt that as a boy he enjoyed as many educational opportunities than his peers and was believed to be one of the smartest men in Rome. While it has never been documented‚ it is also believed that he had some type
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How successful was Louis XIV in achieving religious unity in France in the years 1661-1715? (24 marks). For Louis XIV‚ achieving religious unity in France was of major concern as it was a challenge to his absolutism. Being a devote Catholic‚ Louis wanted to unite France under Catholicism as the presence of other unorthodox religions meant that Louis was not supported in every way‚ like an absolute King should be. Many‚ including Louis‚ saw the King of France to be ‘The Most Christian King’‚ and
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new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective new perspective • skills supplement• new perspective new perspective new perspective Tackling the Documents paper at AS Italian Unification Mark Allchorn. Watford Grammar School and AS/A Examiner A A LEVEL is the source work. In the AS Level it is worth 40 per cent of the total marks awarded for the exam
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Religion played a significant role in the wars during the period 1560-1648. Due to religious indifference fighting ensued as regions fought for their religion (Catholics vs Protestants) to be the dominant one. Leaders also forced their religion on their subjects which in turn caused the subjects to revolt. For instance‚ France saw a great increase of Calvinism that by the end of 1560s almost one-third of the elites joined the Huguenots (French Calvinists). Civil war broke out as both Catholics and
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Palestinian-Israeli conflict prior to becoming pope in 1979? What stance did he take on the issue after he succeeded Pope John Paul I? And‚ finally what was his attitude in the latter stage of his papacy which ended with his death in April 2005? John Paul II’s Attitude Towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Early Years of His Papacy: To understand the Vatican’s view on the conflict‚ it is important to understand how it arrived at the two-state solution‚ which is its official policy today. Pope John Paul II
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traded in cooperative houses or offices throughout the Persian territories. In the period from 1100-1300 banking started to expand across Europe and banks began opening ‘branches’ in remote‚ foreign locations to support international trade. In 1327‚ Avignon in France had 43 branches of Italian banking houses alone. The practice of opening satellite branches was popularized in the early 20th century by Amadeo Giannini‚ then head of the Bank of America. Historically‚ branches were housed in imposing
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2.3 Study Questions Early (Dark) Middle Ages Chapter Fifteen‚ “Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival‚ Decline‚ and Renaissance” The High and Late Middle Ages—Chapter Fifteen As compared to its experience in the early Middle Ages‚ Europe in the High Middle Ages was a. more decentralized. c. less militaristic. b. less isolated. d. more religiously diverse. Which is the best summary
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such as republicanism‚ Piedmont and Cavour‚ and wars such as the Crimean War. I will also discuss the factors that decreased the chances of unification including the congress of Vienna‚ the role of foreign powers such as Austria‚ and the role of the Papacy. By the end of this essay I will decide which political factor was the most important in terms of the unification. However‚ there are other factors heavily involved in the unification‚ such as the uprisings and revolutions‚ and the division between
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