There were several factors which led to the decline of feudal system. The holy roman empire ‚ which came into existence during this period represented a force which kept in chek the evil tendencies of the german feudalism. The Papacy rendered valuable services in fighting against the lawlessness of the feudal system. It installed the institution of TRUCE OF GOD‚ which demanded protection for priests‚ merchants‚ peasants‚ women and pilgrims and forbade fighting on several days
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The term ‘Tudor revolution in government’ was coined by Sir Geoffrey Elton in 1953‚ and describes the belief that administrative reform in Tudor England in the 1530s was so momentous‚ that it amounted to revolutionary reforms. Elton claimed that‚ during the Henrician era‚ government evolved from that of a medieval one‚ to a bureaucratic modern one and that the main motivation behind this was national sovereignty. In Elton’s proposal of this concept‚ he placed prominence on Thomas Cromwell’s role
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`The aims and methods of Cavour were completely different from those of Mazzini.’ How far do you agree with this judgement? The key issue is the comparison of Cavour and Mazzini. Answers should be reasonably balanced in their treatment of the two men. 60:40 either way can deserve any mark band; 70:30 will normally lead to the award of one band lower than would otherwise be given. The 11-13 band will require a basic knowledge and understanding of one man. Answers in the 22-25 band will be fully
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the process of reformation. There were some beliefs in the Lutheran faith that differed substantially from Catholicism. It gained mass support with the spread of Bible and Luther’s Ninety-five Theses to the general public. The corrupt nature of the papacy was also one of the reason. Renaissance evoked people to think
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How would the world react when one of the greatest empires in history fell? At the Roman Empire’s height of power‚ the empire was bigger than modern day India‚ and its influence was felt throughout the world. By 180 CE‚ the empire surrounded the Mediterranean Sea and controlled most of Europe‚ as well as parts of North Africa and the Middle East. However‚ as numerous empires before them‚ the Romans also collapsed and left the world in a problematic state. The greatest evidence of the lasting impacts
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“He that taketh not his cross and followeth after me‚ is not worthy of me” (Pope Urban II‚ 1095). Are these the words the spark that fueled a wave of destruction and unjustly persecuted Islam? Most historians consider the sermon preached by Pope Urban II at Clermont- Ferrand in November 1905 to have begun the wave of military campaigns to wrest the Holy Land from Muslim control. Known as the Crusades‚ these campaigns‚ considered to be divinely sanctioned in the Christian view‚ were led by the desire
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Capitulary dealt with the performance of monastic staff‚ clergymen and such. Due to his previous role as emperor and the authority over the Church that came in suit‚ it’s conceivable that Charlemagne would find at least slight discomfort in seeing the Papacy have such all-encompassing power. For this reason‚ I believe it’s likely that Charlemagne would have sided with Henry
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and Tale” interprets certain church practices as inherently immoral‚ a notion insinuating that the most influential organization in Europe was flawed. However‚ the pardoner’s characterization had merit; the Medieval Period saw the corruption of the papacy through indulgences‚ a practice catalyzed by a religious fervor in the wake of the Black Death. Europe was not prepared‚ geographically and spiritually‚ for the throes of the mid-fourteenth century. Mark Damen of Utah State records that the Black
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by Boniface. In a petulant manner‚ Boniface insisted that the Church “surpasses in dignity and in nobility any temporal power.” Despite the bold claims made by Boniface‚ Unam Sanctam was a futile attempt to regain the power slipping away from the papacy. Philip the IV’s deeds greatly influenced the beginning of the shift in power from the church to the state. The humiliation of Boniface weakened the Church and prevented any further papal interference with the state. Philip was victorious in the skirmish
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in a more modern direction is through the calls for reform from religious orders. These orders included the Franciscans‚ Dominicans‚ and Augustinians. Members put a lot of effort into preaching to laypeople‚ or non-clergy. There also was a reformed Papacy. This was when the pope had involvement in finances and italian political and military
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