(I) INTRODUCTION A channel of distribution or trade channel is defined as the path or route along which goods move from producers or manufacturers to ultimate consumers or industrial users. In other words‚ it is a distribution network through which producer puts his products in the market and passes it to the actual users. This channel consists of :- producers‚ consumers or users and the various middlemen like wholesalers‚ selling agents and retailers(dealers) who intervene between the producers
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Frequency Distribution (A) Introduction 1. Ungrouped data versus grouped data Ungrouped data (Raw data): It is a list of individual observed values of the random variable Grouped data (a frequency distribution): It is a table that displays the data in grouping along with the number of occurrences that fall into each group. 2. The components of a frequency distribution a. Class limits: They identify the inclusive values in a class of a frequency distribution The
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Product distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. An organization or set of organizations (go-betweens) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user. The other three parts of the marketing mix are product‚ pricing‚ and promotion. The distribution channel Distribution is also a very important component of Logistics & Supply chain management. Distribution in supply chain management refers to
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Sampling distribution The sampling distribution is the distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan. Because many different samples could be drawn from a population of elements‚ the sample statistics derived from any one sample will likely not equal the population parameters. As a result‚ the sampling distribution supplies an approximation of the true value’s population parameters
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 1. Find the distribution: a. b. c. d. e. f. following probabilities‚ the random variable Z has standard normal P (0< Z < 1.43) P (0.11 < Z < 1.98) P (-0.39 < Z < 1.22) P (Z < 0.92) P (Z > -1.78) P (Z < -2.08) 2. Determine the areas under the standard normal curve between –z and +z: ♦ z = 0.5 ♦ z = 2.0 Find the two values of z in standard normal distribution so that: P(-z < Z < +z) = 0.84 3. At a university‚ the average height of 500 students of a course is 1.70 m; the standard
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A channel of distribution can be defined as the collection of organizational units‚ institutions‚ or agencies within or external to the manufacturer‚ which perform the functions that support product marketing. The marketing functions are pervasive: they include buying‚ selling‚ transporting‚ storing‚ grading‚ financing‚ bearing market risk‚ and providing marketing information. Any organizational unit‚ institution‚ or agency that performs one or more of the marketing functions is a member of a channel
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supply chain evolution is characterized by both increasing value added and cost reductions through integration. A supply chain can be classified as a stage 1‚ 2 or 3 network. In a stage 1–type supply chain‚ systems such as production‚ storage‚ distribution‚ and material control are not linked and are independent of each other. In a stage 2 supply chain‚ these are integrated under one plan and is ERP enabled. A stage 3 supply chain is one that achieves vertical integration with upstream suppliers
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elements in success of clothes retailing is how the company use their distribution channel decision and strategies. This essay will study on Hennes & Mauritz’s (H&M) ‚ the Swedish-owned globally famous fashion retailing and research on how they deal and rely on their distribution channel partners. Unlike their competitors such as Uniqlo‚ Forever21‚ ZARA or GAP ‚H&M has implemented a unique and efficient distribution channel strategy to increase their level of competitiveness and cost
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DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT CH1: MARKETING CHANNEL CONCEPTS Growing Importance of Marketing Channels: 1. Explosion of IT and E-commerce 2. Harder to gain sustainable competitive advantage through other P’s 3. Growing power of distributors (esp. retailers who act as gatekeepers of consumer markets – agents of consumers not producers) 4. Need to reduce distribution costs MC Definition: The external contactual organisation that management operates to achieve its distribution
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Statistics: • Science of gathering‚ analyzing‚ interpreting‚ and presenting data • Measurement taken on a sample • Type of distribution being used to analyze data Descriptive statistics: Using data gathered on a group to describe or reach conclusions about that same group only. Descriptive statistics are the tabular‚ graphical‚ and numerical methods used to summarize data. Collect‚ organize‚ summarize‚ display‚ analyze Eg: According to Consumer Reports‚ General Electric washing machine
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