neuromuscular junction (Etherington & Hong‚ 2011). Motor neurons‚ Schwann cells‚ muscle fibres and kranocytes are all the different cell types that make up the neuromuscular junction. Motor neurons send out axons to skeletal muscles where an action potential is passed along the axons. The axons form a synaptic knob where they send activation signals to muscle fibres (Etherington & Hong‚ 2011). Muscles are made up of hundreds of muscle fibres that all contract simultaneously when an action potential
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Self-renewal and differentiation are fundamental stem cell fate decisions‚ which are essential for normal tissue development‚ homeostasis‚ and repair actin cytoskeleton and Rho-GTPases‚ mediate downstream signal transduction Serum response factor (SRF) and yes-associated protein (YAP) are two examples of mechano-sensitive transcription factors‚ which have recently been implicated in epidermal and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation Lab notes: Passive processes: transport driven by
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Physiology Exercise 3 Activity 1 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. Your answer: By increasing the extrecellular K+ the net diffiusion of K+ out the neuron through the eak channels is reduced. This is caused by the flow of ions following the concentration gradient of traveling from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration. The higher concentration gradient would result in a reduced diffusions
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Organization of the human body Human anatomy and physiology – study of the structure and function of the human body. Anatomy- the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the human body. Physiology – The scientific discipline that investigates the process of functions of living things. 6 Structural levels 1. Chemical level – atoms combine to form molecules 2. Cell level – Molecule form organelles 3. Tissue level – similar and surrounding material make up tissues
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They have their cell bodies in the brain stem and the spinal cord‚ and their axons extend from the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves to skeletal muscles. These motor neurons synapse with the upper motor neurons‚ carrying on the nerve impulses that the upper motor neurons are carrying. Motor neurons descend the spinal cord in tracts
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Chapter 1 great review of the basic anatomical areas of the body 1. Metabolism‚ anabolism‚ catabolism 2. ICF‚ ECF 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. Parasagittal 7. D‚ effectors 8. A‚ differentiation 9. C‚ hypogastric 10. C‚ 3 11. Axillary-armpit‚ inguinal-groin‚ cervical-neck‚ cranial-skull‚ oral-mouth‚ brachial-arm‚ orbital-eye‚ gluteal-buttock‚ buccal-cheek‚ cixal-hip 12. 1 superior‚ 12 superficial‚ 1superior and 6 lateral‚ 6 lateral‚ 4 posterior‚ 8 ipsilateral
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Journey of the brain-Birth to late adulthood Child development is crucial throughout the early years‚ during this time the development of the brain occurs and continues through late adulthood. The development of the brain contributes to the functioning of the body. The anatomy of the brain is made up of neurons and divided into four different lobes. The temporal‚ frontal‚ parietal‚ and occipital lobes control a variety of cognitive functions (Santrock‚ 2013). The
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CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE Cells are the smallest functional units of the body‚ (Waugh‚ A. and Grant‚ A.2010). Most cells are microscopic. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum. The erythrocyte is the smallest cell. The longest cell is the neuron. Cells group together to form tissues‚ each of which has specialised function. Different tissues group together to form organs. Organs are group together to form organ systems‚ each of which performs a particular function that
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level 7. _______ have powerful effect even when present in very low concentrations hormones 8. _______ hormones activate an integral membrance protein water-soluble 9. _______ hormones are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axons and accumulate near at the axon terminals that are close to the posteroir pituitary’s capillaries hypothalamic hormones 10. _______ hormones bind to and activate receptors within the cells lipid-soluble 11. _______ hormones may start a mechanism of action involving
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1. Biological Psychology 2.Neuron 3. Dendrite 4. axon 5 myelin 6 action potential 7 Threshold 8 Synapse 9 neurotransmitter 10 acetylcholine 11 Endorphins A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. The bushy‚ branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses
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