The anatomy of the spinal cord is very unique. Externally‚ it is initially surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column is divided into the cervical‚ thoracic‚ lumbar‚ sacral‚ and coccygeal regions. These different vertebrae protect the spinal cord from damage and form a type of shell around it. The spinal cord appears as a long‚ thin cord of nerves. The peripheral nerves that extend out to many parts of the body arise from the spinal cords thirty-one segmental pairs of nerves. The cervical
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BRAIN STRUCTURES‚ ETYMOLOGY and FUNCTIONS STRUCTURE |ETYMOLOGY|FUNCTION| Prefrontal Cortex (or Frontal Lobe) |Frontal-1650s‚ of the forehead; From Modern Latin frontalis‚ from front-‚ stem of frons "brow‚ forehead." Lobe-Early 15c.‚ "a lobe of the liver or lungs‚" from Middle French lobe and directly from Medieval Latin lobus‚ from Late Latin lobus "hull‚ husk‚ pod."|The gray matter of the anterior part of the frontal lobe that plays a role in the regulation of complex cognitive
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Imagine how your brain works. It has a preferential cortex‚ also axons and neurons. Last thing is the dendrites get information. Another thing is the myelination passes information. Throughout the article “Teen and Decision making” it’s clear that the brain functions in many ways. This is some of the many ways the brain functions. In addition‚ PEC control logical decision. According to Teens and Decision Making “ it’s very important as a control center for thinking ahead and sizing up risks and rewards”
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system possesses three main cell types‚ one of which being the neurons. These are formed of different elements‚ the axon‚ cell body and dendrites. Axons play an important part in the fast reaction for survival. The wider the axon‚ the faster it will conduct the action potentials. For example‚ the squid carries a particular neuron involved in the escape response from danger. The axon from this specific neuron has quite a wide diameter‚ which makes it conduct action potentials faster. Therefore‚ if
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receptors 4. Nerves Nerves carry both afferent and efferent axons (mixed nerve) The axons are all of different sizes Remember that thicker axons have a faster conduction velocity Decrease in K+ and Cl- leaks through ungated channels Less resistance to current flow Myelination allows a decrease in axon diameter with increased conduction velocities Rapid flow through reflex arcs Increase the number of axons in neural tissue : “miniaturization” of nervous system Fewer
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Week 4 Chapter Questions Assignment Instructions: Type your answers IN BOLD‚ following the selected Checkpoint questions. Week 1 Chapter 1 1. What is the basic difference between anatomy and physiology? (p. 2) ANSWER: Anatomy is the study of body structure and Physiology is the study of body function. 2. Define each of the following terms: atom‚ molecule‚ cell‚ tissue‚ organ‚ system‚ and organism. (p. 6) ANSWER: atoms‚ the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions
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that our brain sends out must be sent though the nervous system through neuron communication. "Neurons communicate with each other using axons and dendrites. When a neuron receives a message from another neuron‚ it sends an electrical signal down the length of its axon. At the end of the axon‚ the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal‚ and the axon releases chemical messages called neurotransmitters" (NIH‚ ¶ 3). This process is how the brain tells the body to walk or blink or
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-70mv‚ this is acquired by the sodium-potassium pump‚ which pumps 3 ions out of the ion in exchange for 2 ions into the axon. But the membrane is more permeable to potassium than sodium‚ therefore some potassium leaks out of the axon until an equilibrium of the tendency for potassium ions to enter down its electrical gradient is equal to the tendency for potassium to leave axon down its diffusion gradient; thus setting up an electrochemical gradient and causing the potential difference to stabilise
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Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses ACTIVITY 1 The Resting Membrane Potential 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. If the extracellular K+ increases then the concentration of intracellular K+ will decrease causing a decrease in the steepness of the concentration gradient and fewer K+ ions would be drawn out. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative
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d. All around the neuron are dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages. e. Axon: a single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages nerve or tract: a bunch of axons bundled together. Covered by a myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons. “microscopic sausages” Unmyelinated axons are called grey matter. Provides insulation so information does not interfere with certain neurons and increases the speed at
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