THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors‚ as well as our thoughts and feelings‚ are produced by the actions of our brains‚ nerves‚ muscles‚ and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being‚ including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it
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Animal Physiology Friday January 13‚ 2012 What are Animals? Invertebrates No spinal column Vertebrates Spinal column Major Animal Phyla Porifera Cnidaria Platyhel-minths Mollusca Annileda Nematoda Arthro-poda Echino-dermata Chordata What is Animal Physiology? What is Physiology? “The study of how animals work” (function) Knut Schmidt-Nielsen (1915–2007) – came up with the whole scheme of animal physiology from cell to whole organism temperature
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cones‚ which specialise in detecting different wavelengths‚ break down‚ triggering a series of stages which operate by using a graded output system. The absorption of a photon decreases the release of neurotransmitter glutamate to bipolar cells at the axon terminal which may cause the bipolar cell to either hyperpolarize or depolarize depending on the type of receptor the glutamate binds to. This property allows for a population of bipolar cells to be excited by light and another population to be inhibited
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message to other cells on the neuron is the axon. 4.On a neuron‚ the branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons are the dendrites. 5. The cell body of the neuron‚ responsible for maintaining the life of the cell and containing the mitochondria is the soma. 6.The fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate‚ protect‚ and speed up the neural impulse is the myelin. 7.The bundles of axons in the body that TRAVEL together through the
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Anatomy of the Nervous System Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Neuroanatomy is the anatomy of the nervous system. • Refers to the study of the various parts of the nervous system and their respective function(s). • The nervous system consists of many substructures‚ each comprised of many neurons. Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Terms used to describe location when referring to the nervous system include: – Ventral: toward the stomach – Dorsal: toward the back –
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Biology 21300 - Anatomy and Physiology Review Questions Homework Assignment Due on Day of Exam 3 - 2013 – Prior to taking Exam III Students must answer 20 of the questions listed below. All answers must be handwritten and turned in with Students Name‚ Class‚ Section Number and Date at the top of the page. 1. What are the three types of muscle tissue and the main differences between them. 2. Explain the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. 3. Define the resting membrane potential
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Social physcology 12) Neurons are the basic elements of the nervous system and are involved in the control of behavior. 13) Dendrites are a cluster of fibers that look like twisted branches of a tree and they receive messages from other neurons. 14) Axons carry messages to other neurons from the dendrites. 15) The myelin sheath is a protective coating of fat and protein that wraps around the
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| |Somatic nervous system | | |Axon |The long‚ narrow process that projects from the cell body. | |Buttons |The buttonlike endings of the axon branches‚ which release chemicals into synapses. | |Autonomic nervous system |
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In the spinal cord‚ white matter is organized into ascending and descending tracts grouping into A) nuclei. B) nerves. C) columns. D) ganglia. E) horns. 2) Enlargements of the spinal cord occur A) adjacent to the anterior median fissure. B) in the filum terminale. C) near the posterior median sulcus. D) in segments of the spinal cord that control the limbs. E) in the thoracic
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Define phrenology. How did phrenology suggest the modern-day idea of LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION Phrenology-the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities. Phrenology is a process that involves observing and/or feeling the skull to determine an individual’s psychological attributes. The idea that different parts of the brain do different things is called localization of function. Phrenology could have been used to feel the bumps on
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