CAPITAL GAINS According to income tax act 1961 ‘capital gains’ is the fourth head of income. Any profit or gains arising from the transfer of capital assets during the P.Y. shall be chargeable to income tax under the head capital gains and shall be deemed to be the income of P.Y. in which the transfer took place. Thus from a plain reading – Profits or gains earned on the sale of capital assets by an assessee during the P.Y. is called as capital gains. Meaning of Capital Asset: Capital asset means
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Many years ago stock options were rarely used as incidental benefits for top executives. Nowadays‚ compensating employee whit stock options has become an increasingly common practice. Before the year 1996‚ only the intrinsic value method was used to record these transactions. This method distorted the issuer’s reported financial condition and results of operations‚ which could lead to inappropriate decisions taken by investors. Followed by the increased use of employee stock options and the surrounding
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Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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them to improve its cost position. In order to avoid long term debt the company has a long-standing policy and until now a lot of small acquisitions have been made by using only internal financing. This policy was questioned and the chief financial officer wanted the board of directors to reconsider it and suggested that funding could be acquisitioned through a bond issue. A lot of disagreement was made by several company directors that instead wanted the firm to issue common stock. In the end‚ the
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INTRODUCTION WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 1. Introduction 2. Need of working capital 3. Gross working capital 4. Net working capital 5. Determinants of working capital Working capital management Working capital management is concerned with the problems arise in attempting to manage the current assets‚the current liabilities and the inter relationship that exist between them. The term current assets refers to those assets which inordinary course of business can be‚or
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or welfare checks. The money that goes into those checks comes from the people who are living in the working class. The part of this that is often misunderstood is the reason why the people who actually work for their money have to give their hard earned cash to the individuals who do not work at all. I’m not referring to the people who have disabilities; I am referring to the people who choose not to work because they simply have the option to. Why are most of us living in poverty? Even though people
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of .34 meaning it is not as volatile when compared to the market and can be categorized as a low risk stock. To determine that financial impact of changes in economic conditions to the performance McDonalds‚ three economic indicators must be evaluated. The leading economic index (LEI)‚ coincident economic index (CEI)‚ and lagging economic index (LAG)‚ are constructed to summarize and reveal common turning point patterns in economic data in a clearer and more convincing manner than any individual
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Strategic Cost Management ACCT90009 Seminar 1 Seminar 1 Subject Administration Introduction to SCM oduc o o SC Administration • Subject Coordinator Dr. David Huelsbeck Email: david.huelsbeck@unimelb.edu.au Room: 08.028‚ The Spot Phone: +61 3 9035 6256 Consultation Hours: Monday 4:15pm – 6:15pm • Seminars: Tuesday: 2.15 pm – 5.15 pm‚ FBE ‐ Theatre 211 (Theatre 2) Thursday: 6.15 pm – 9.15 pm‚ Alan Gilbert ‐ Theatre 2 Teaching Format and Resources • Seminar Format 3 hour seminar
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Article David Durand‚ “The Cost of Capital‚ Corporation Finance‚ and the Theory of Investment: Comment”‚ American Economic Association‚ Vol. 49‚ No. 4 (Sep.‚ 1959)‚ pp. 639-655. Purpose of the paper The focus of this paper is to contradict the results of [Franco Modigliani; Merton H. Miller‚ “The Cost of Capital‚ Corporation Finance‚ and the Theory of Investment: Comment”‚ American Economic Review‚ June 1958‚ 48‚261-97] (hereafter MM) assumptions in related to cost of capital theory. Foundations This
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EQUITY MARKET In financial markets‚ stock is the capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and distribution of shares. A person or organization which holds shares of stocks is called a shareholder. The aggregate value of a corporation’s issued shares is its market capitalization. When one buys a share of a company he becomes a shareholder in that company. Shares are also known as Equities. Equities have the potential to increase in value over time. It also provides the portfolio with
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